1. Intermediate-level learner
Table 1. Internal Modification: 12 situations
Zero marking
Openers
Please
Modals
Others
Mean f %
Intermediate-level learner 1
0.8 9
7.5 11
9.1
5.5
4.5
High-level learner 5
4.1 8
6.6 7
5.8 6
6.5
5.4
Native speaker
Ahmad Mousa B. Altasan et al. The Pragmalinguistic Competence in Requests: A Comparison between One Native and
Two Non-native Speakers of English. American Journal of Educational Research, 2016, Vol. 4, No. 4,
doi: /education-4-4-9
© The Author(s) Published by Science and Education Publishing.