1. No bellwork today! We will begin with notes on the founding of Ancient Rome… be prepared!

2. An Introduction to Rome

4. WHERE ON EARTH IS ROME?

5. WHY IS THE GEOGRAPHY OF ROME IMPORTANT?

6. HOW DID GEOGRAPHY HELP THE ROMANS? Located in the center of the Mediterranean Far away from eastern empires, but accessible from Europe Large amount of fertile land Alps (Mts.): provided natural protection. Mediterranean Sea: Gave protection, allowed for trade. Basically, Rome’s place in the world kept it safe from harm, but allowed it to interact with other people.

7. TRADE AND INFLUENCE

8. MYTHS AND LEGENDS Just like the Greeks, the Romans used myths and legends to explain the history of their region. Most of the myths and legends in ancient Rome centered around their gods and goddesses.

9. THE LEGEND OF ROMULUS AND REMUS

10. According to Roman legend a princess named Rhea Sylvia had twin boys by Mars, the god of war. A jealous uncle who had stolen the throne from her father ordered her twins to be drowned in the Tiber River.

11. Fortunately, a servant had pity on the twins and placed them in a basket. Eventually, the basket washed onto the shore and the twins were discovered by a female wolf. The wolf nursed and protected the babies for a short time before they were found by a shepherd. The shepherd then raised the twins.

12. When Romulus and Remus became adults, they decided to found (or set up) a city where the wolf had discovered them. The brothers fought over exactly where the city should be built, and as a result, Remus was killed by his brother. Without Remus, Romulus became the sole founder of the new city and named it Rome. The date given for the founding of Rome was 753 BC.

13. Although the Legend of Romulus and Remus makes it seem as if Rome was built in a day, the truth is probably very different. It is more likely that… Groups, like the Latins, settled along the Tiber river in 1000 B.C. In 600 B.C. Greek settlers established several cities  trade & spread of ideas In order to be safer from invasions, the settlements joined together as one.

14. Regardless of how Rome was founded, society should be thankful for their contributions! Architecture, government, law, art, language, calendar, etc.

15. Tyrants and corrupt kings in power In 509B.C., Tarquin the Proud was overthrown Romans declared they would never again be ruled by a king! Established a new government called a republic: power to the citizens! The Early Republic

16. Ancient Rome: Republic to Empire Two periods of Roman government: –Roman Republic: 509BC – 30BC –Roman Empire: 30BC – 476AD

17. The Early Roman Republic To learn more about how society was organized/ruled during the republic, you are going to read the handout and take notes. I will do a note check on this tomorrow! You should take at least 3 notes per topic: –Patricians and Plebeians –Government under the Republic –The Roman Army –Roman Citizenship

18. Finish Ancient Greece Cartoon Strip!

19. BELLWORK: 9/20 1.Why was there a Greek influence in Roman society? 2.Explain the difference between Patricians & Plebeians. 3.How was government set up under the republic? 4.When could the republic appoint a dictator? Why? 5.What rights did citizens have in the republic? How were these rights acquired? 6.THINKER: How is a republic different than a democracy?

21. Is the U.S. a republic or democracy? Democracy is a form of government in which the people decide policy matters directly-- through town hall meetings or by voting on ballot proposals. A republic is a system in which the people choose representatives who, in turn, make policy decisions on their behalf

22. Is the U.S. a republic or democracy?

23. Roman Republic: Conflict and Crisis Roman Republic: 509BC – 30BC

24. Roman Expansion Punic Wars: 264BC-146BC, series of three wars between Rome and the North-African city state of Carthage. Both wanted control of western Mediterranean……. Why? Rome was victorious and captured all cities from the Mediterranean to Spain to Asia Minor.

26. Carthaginian General Hannibal crossing the Alps during the Second Punic War.

27. Romans attack on Carthage

29. The Republic in Crisis Usually military expansion makes a country stronger and more powerful, but it was different with Rome. After the Punic Wars, Rome will go through a series of revolts that puts the Republic in crisis…….. Why? How would military expansion lead to unhappiness and revolt amongst the citizens?

30. The Republic in Crisis Rome’s military conquered multiple countries with no regard to their way of life/culture  REVOLT! Roman officials overtaxed residents  REVOLT! Wealthy Romans used slaves to work their land – this put small farmers out of business  REVOLT! Putting down these revolts cost Rome a lot of troops, money, and resources.

31. Reform In the 50’s BC, Julius Caesar, took over the government and named himself dictator. Gave jobs to unemployed, public land to the poor, and citizenship to conquered peoples. Some Romans loved Caesar for his reforms, others saw him as a tyrant who meant to end the republic and make himself king. On March 15, 44 BC, Caesar was assassinated by a group of government officials.

34. Caesar’s Assassination March 15, 44BC Caesar was to appear at a meeting of the Senate. As he arrived, the group of conspirators gathered around him pretending to show support. Cimber approached him to sign a document and pulled him down by his shoulders then Casca stabbed him in the neck Within seconds, the entire group (including his closest friend Brutus) gathered around him on the steps of Senate stabbing him. Around 60 men participated in the assassination and Caesar was stabbed 23 times His last words were “You too, Brutus?” as he realized his best friend was involved in the plot Brutus and his followers marched through Rome shouting “People of Rome, we are once again free!” Caesar’s dead body lay on the Senate floor for three hours In the following chaos, Augustus Caesar led a series of 5 civil wars which ended with the reformation of the Roman Empire.

37. Transition to Roman Empire Two periods of Roman government: –Roman Republic: 509BC – 30BC –Roman Empire: 30BC – 476AD Rome technically had an “empire” under the Roman Republic –The term “Roman Empire” refers to the time period, beginning with Augustus, when Rome was ruled by emperors

38. THE ROMAN EMPIRE

39. Augustus Caesar’s Reforms After a period of civil war, Caesar’s nephew, Augustus, became the ruler of Rome in 32 BC. In the 40 years of Augustus’ reign he introduced many reforms: Attacked government corruption Encouraged the growth of business Extended citizenship to more provinces Established fire and police departments for Rome Imported food for Rome’s poor Built and maintained the empire’s infrastructure Established a strong money system Begun Pax Romana (Roman Peace) which lasted 200yrs

40. “I found Rome a city of bricks, and left it a city of marble” -Augustus Caesar

43. Roman Empire: Graphic Organizer Now that the Roman Empire is established, the emperors make several changes in society. You are going to read about these new changes in society and compare them to modern-day America. You will compare the following aspects of society: –Law and Order –Trade, Engineering and Science –Daily Life –Language and Literature For each aspect, you will describe it for Rome AND America In your book, read pages 73-75 and complete the chart. Lets do the first one together!

44. Roman Empire vs. Modern America Aspect of Society Roman EmpireModern America Law and Order Trade, Engineering & Science Daily Life Language & Literature

45. Augustus Caesar’s Reforms After a period of _________, Caesar’s nephew, Augustus, became the ruler of Rome in 32 BC. In the ____ years of Augustus’ reign he introduced many reforms: Attacked government _________________ Encouraged the __________________ Extended _______________ to more provinces Established _______________________departments for Rome Imported ________ for Rome’s __________ Built and maintained the empire’s _________________ Established a strong ______________ Begun _________________(Roman Peace) which lasted 200yrs