1. LESSON 5 Regular and Irregular Verbs

2. Lesson 5 - Regular and Irregular Verbs OBJECTIVE: Become better acquainted with the pesky past-tense verbs that do not end with -ed, and learn about proper usage with tricky verbs such as lay/lie and sit/set. ●Most verbs follow a simple and predictable action when switching from present to past tense. These are called regular verbs and they can be changed from present to past by simply adding -ed or -d. o Those musicians play jazz well. But last evening, they surprised the crowd and played some blues. ●Irregular verbs, on the other hand, do not follow any pattern when forming the past tense, so they require memorization. ●On the next slide, I’m going to bombard you with a list of irregular verbs, their past tense form, and their past participle form (we’ll worry about what a participle is later). If you’re ever confused, just refer to the list (because copying all of these down would take forever and nobody has time for that).

3. Common Irregular Verbs PRESENTPASTPAST PARTICIPLE catchcaught choosechosechosen comecamecome cost cut dodiddone drawdrewdrawn drinkdrankdrunk drivedrovedriven eatateeaten fallfellfallen PRESENTPASTPAST PARTICIPLE bewas/werebeen beat beaten becomebecamebecome beginbeganbegun bitebitbitten blowblewblown breakbrokebroken bringbrought broadcast buildbuilt buybought

4. Common Irregular Verbs PRESENTPASTPAST PART. feedfed feelfelt fightfought findfound flyflewflown forbidforbadeforbidden forgetforgotforgotten forgiveforgaveforgiven freezefrozefrozen getgotgotten givegavegiven PRESENTPASTPAST PART. gowentgone growgrewgrown hanghung havehad hearheard hidehidhidden hit holdheld hurt keepkept knowknewknown

5. Common Irregular Verbs PRESENTPASTPAST PART. laylaid leadled learnlearned/ learnt learned/learnt leaveleft lendlent let lielaylain lightlit loselost makemade meanmeant PRESENTPASTPAST PART. meetmet mistakemistookmistaken mowmowedmowed/mown paypaid proofread put quit read rideroderidden ringrangrung riseroserisen

6. Common Irregular Verbs PRESENTPASTPAST PART. runranrun saysaid seesawseen seeksought sellsold sendsent sewsewedsewed/sewn shakeshookshaken shaveshavedshaved/shaven shineshone shootshot PRESENTPASTPAST PART. showshowedshowed/shown shrinkshrankshrunk shut singsangsung sinksanksunk sitsat sleepslept slideslidslid/slidden speakspokespoken speedspeeded/sped spendspent

7. Common Irregular Verbs PRESENTPASTPAST PART. spread springsprangsprung standstood stealstolestolen stickstuck stingstung strikestruckstruck/stricken strivestrovestriven/strived swearsworesworn swimswamswum taketooktaken PRESENTPASTPAST PART. teachtaught teartoretorn telltold thinkthought throwthrewthrown understandunderstood upset wakewokewoken wearworeworn weepwept winwon

8. Common Irregular Verbs PRESENTPASTPAST PART. windwound writewrotewritten PRACTICE ●Determine whether the bolded verb in the sentence is correct. 1.Tomorrow, we will left early in the morning for the airport. 2.Mr. Brown, our neighbor, spend the weekend cleaning his pool. 3.The sun shine brightly all day today. 4.I was beginning to has second thoughts about quitting. 5.We are watched the game from the privacy of the box.

9. Problem Verbs ●Two irregular verbs that cause extra-special problems are lay/lie and set/sit. o To lay (lay/lays, laying, laid) means to place or put an object somewhere. This object, a noun, must always follow the verb lay, making that noun a direct object.  Martin laid the blanket on the grass before laying the basket of delicious food on it. o To lie (lie/lies, lying, lay, lain) means to rest or recline or to be positioned. Instead of a noun, a prepositional phrase or an adverb usually follows the verb.  The large oak tree lies at the end of the field.  The cattle have lain in its shade for over a century..

10. Problem Verbs ●To set (set/sets, setting, set, set) means to place or put an object somewhere. Like the verb lay, it must be followed by a noun. o A harried young mother sets her groceries on the counter and tends to her crying son. She has set a pillow on the sofa for his nap. ●To sit (sit/sits, sitting, sat, sat) means to be situated or to be seated or resting. Like the verb lie, it is usually followed by a prepositional phrase or an adverb for further clarification. o I usually sit in the front row of the theater for an unobstructed view of the performance. When I have sat further back, I found I could not see the actors well. ●PRACTICE. Select the correct form of the verb set or sit. 1.The audience (set/sat) patiently as the stage crew changed the scene. 2.My favorite photograph of my cat Milo (sits/sets) on my dresser. 3.(Setting/Sitting) good examples for younger children is important. 4.I was told to (set/sit) my empty glass in the sink. 5.Four students (set/sat) their reports on my desk before the due date.

11. Other Tricky Verbs ●Accept and except are often misused. Remember that accept means to approve, agree, or willingly receive. Except is a preposition that means excluding or unless. o I would accept your apology for being late today, but except for yesterday, you have been late every day this week. ●Another pair of confused verbs is can and may. Can means having the ability to do something. May, on the other hand, means having permission to do something. o I can help you rake leaves this afternoon only after I finish my other chores. May I help you with it tomorrow instead?  SPECIAL NOTE: While it is quickly becoming the norm in colloquial English to use can instead of may for asking permission, you should still use these verbs correctly in formal/academic writing.

12. LESSON 6 Verb Forms and Tenses

13. Lesson 6 - Verb Forms and Tenses OBJECTIVE: Since every sentence needs a verb, it is essential to have a basic understanding of the four verb forms so you can use verb tenses properly. This lesson covers not only the four forms, but verb tenses from basic to perfect to progressive. ●Verb tenses are used to help our readers and listeners understand WHEN something is happening. It is important to keep verb tenses consistent so your audience does not get confused.

14. Verb Forms ●Understanding these four verb forms will help you use the correct tenses later on: o The present form of a verb is usually the first one you see in a dictionary entry (care, forgive, mean, etc.). Sometimes -s is added when it is used with a singular noun (she cares, he forgives, it means). o The past form of a verb shows action/existence that has already taken place before now (she cared, they forgave, he thought). All regular verbs end in -ed in the past tense, whereas irregular verbs end in a variety of ways. o The present participle is made by adding the suffix -ing to the present form, and it is always accompanied by a be verb which acts as a helping verb (recall Lesson 5) to form a verb phrase: am caring, is forgiving, were thinking. This form expresses action that is ongoing. o The past participle consists of the past form accompanied by the helping verb have, has, or had (have cared, has forgiven, had thought). This is true for regular and irregular verbs.

15. Some Verb Form Examples ●Some regular verb forms: ●Some irregular verb forms: ●Some irregular verbs whose form does not change: PRESENTPRESENT PART.PASTPAST PART. care, caresam caringcaredhave cared yell, yellsare yellingyelledhave yelled PRESENTPRESENT PART.PASTPAST PART. cost, costsis costingcosthas cost put, putsam puttingputhave put PRESENTPRESENT PART.PASTPAST PART. think, thinkswas thinkingthoughthave thought grow, growswere growinggrewhas grown

16. Verb Tenses ●All verb tenses are formed by using one of the four principal parts of the verb. When we combine these parts with different pronouns, we can see all the different forms that a verb can take in a given tense; this is called verb conjugation. ●We are most familiar with three basic tenses: o Present. The present tense shows present action or action that happens on a regular basis.  He writes articles for a local newspaper. o Past. The past tense indicates that the action has already happened.  He wrote several award-winning articles. o Future. The future tense tells us that the action has not yet happened, but will.  He will write an editorial for Time this month. ●Practice. Choose the correct verb and identify the tense: o Jack will (paint, paints, panted) houses in the summer. o Yesterday, Anya’s car (break, broke, broken) down. o It is advisable that you (carry, carries, carried) your insurance card. o The load of dirt (cost, costs) him more than anticipated.

17. Verb Tenses ●The present progressive tense shows action that is currently in progress. It is formed by combining the present tense of the verb be with the present participle of the verb. o Robert and Olivia are running the charity auction at the church. ●The past progressive tense indicates that the action happened at some specific time in the past. It is formed by combining the past tense of the verb be with the present participle of a verb. o Jennifer was watching the lottery drawing on TV last night. ●The future progressive tense denotes that the action is continuous or will occur in the future. It is formed by combining the future tense of the verb be with the present participle of the verb. o Wanda will be traveling to Provence next winter.

18. Verb Tenses ●The present perfect tense shows that the action was started in the past and continues up to the present time. It is formed by combining have or has with the past participle of a verb. o People have used money as a means of exchange since about 1200 BCE. ●The past perfect tense indicates that the action happened in the past and was completed before some other past action was begun. It is formed by combining the helping verb had with the past participle of the verb. o Before that, many had bartered for the goods they wanted. ●The future perfect tense tells us that the action will start and finish in the future. It is formed by combining the helping verbs will have, would have, or will have been with the past participle of the verb. o As of 2015, the U.S. dollar will have been used by its citizens as national currency for about 230 years. PROTIP: Consider the term should’ve. It is a common misconception that should of is being said, and it is then written that way.

19. You Try It! This should not take longer than five minutes. On your own paper, choose the correct verb and then identify the tense in the following sentences: 1.It is likely that the child was (run, runs, running) when she slipped. 2.One of the contestants on American Idol (sings, sang, sung) my favorite song last night. 3.Our rock band (play, played, plays) at dances almost every weekend. 4.Dad and I will be (seeing, saw, seen) an L.A. Lakers basketball game next month. 5.Joseph is (get, got, getting) another opinion from a nearby vet. 6.The audience was (laugh, laughing, laughed) at the clown. 7.We will have (cover, covers, covered) 3,000 miles on our trip by the time we return home next week. 8.Last week, her doctor (recommended, recommends) that she stay off of her injured ankle. 9.The editor would have (reply, replies, replied) to most of the comments by now, but couldn’t because he was occupied with other issues. 10.His story (become, becoming, became) more convoluted each time he told it.

20. Check Yourself 1.past progressive 2.past 3.present 4.future 5.present progressive 6.past progressive 7.future perfect 8.past 9.past perfect 10.past