3.  The common type of wind power generators are squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG),doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)  For more secure and reliable operation,  wind energy conversion within the parameters imposed by the energy market and by technical standards is not possible without the involvement of automatic control  The FACTS devices such as STATCOM al10w the wind farm to participate in system services like output voltage regulation.

4.  The increased share of wind power in electricity generation makes more and more complex integration in the system of transmission of electricity  For more secure and reliable operation, the wind turbine generation should be more grid friendly  The introduction of smart systems like remote control and operating systems  contribute to increasing the reliability of power systems and to improve the quality of electricity

5. GRID CODE REQUIREMENTS FOR GRIDCONNECTION o The voltage regulation in power systems is directly related to the control of reactive power. o The reactive power control requirements are related to the characteristics of each network o Reactive power control is an important issue for wind farms, because al1 wind turbine technologies does not have the same capabilities o wind farms are often instal1ed in remote areas and therefore reactive power has to be transported over long distances resulting in power losses.

6. o The British code refers to wind farms with rated power above 50 MW. o The German code specifies that wind farms may function in lagging or leading power factor in case of over voltages. o power plants must be able to provide their ful1 reactive power at voltages +5% around the nominal, for voltage levels 400 and 275 kV.

7.  The ST A TCOM is a shunt-connected reactive power compensation device  It is in general a solid-state switching converter capable of generating or absorbing independently control1able real and reactive power at its output terminals  A STA TCOM is a control1edreactive power source.  It can provide the desired reactive power generation and absorption entirely by means of electronic processing of the voltage and current waveforms in a voltage source converter (VSC).

9.  STATCOM is comprised of three main parts (as seen from Figure below): a voltage source converter (VSC), a step-up coupling transformer, and a controller  In a very-high-voltage system, the leakage inductances of the step-up power transformers can function as coupling reactors  The main purpose of the coupling inductors is to filter out the current harmonic components that are generated mainly by the pulsating output voltage of the power converters.

10. Size, weight, and cost reduction Equality of lagging and leading output Precise and continuous reactive power control with fast response Possible active harmonic filter capability

11.  The dynamic voltage control in transmission and distribution systems.  The power oscillation damping in power transmission systems.  The transient stability  The voltage flicker control, and  The control of not only reactive power but also (if needed) active power in the connected line, requiring a dc energy source.

12. Voltage stability control in a power system Transient stability during disturbances in a system or a change of load. Reactive power injection by STATCOM into the system Direct voltage support to maintain sufficient line voltage for facilitating increased reactive power flow under heavy loads and for preventing voltage instability

13.  BLOCK DIAGRAM T/F T/F FSIGGRID STATCOM WIND TURBINE

14. If the voltage VSTATCOM is below V b the current through the inductor is phase shifted in relation to the voltage V k which provides an Inductive current, then Qs becomes positive and the STATCOM absorbs reactive power. If the voltage VSTATCOM exceeds V b the current through the inductor is phase shifted in relation to the voltage V k which provides a capacitive current, then Qs becomes negative and the STA TCOM generates reactive power. If the voltage VSTATCOM is equal to Vb the current through the inductor is zero and therefore there is no exchange of energy.

15.  like many other industry segments, is often enamored by the bells and whistles, colorful diagnostic displays, high speed performance,  terminal operating economics, crane reliability, our environment, and initial investment in power distribution systems to support new crane installations.  ‘ Using electricity wisely is a good environmental and business practice which saves you money, reduces emissions from generating plants, and conserves our Natural resources.’  SCR converter crane drive retrofits and the large AC and DC drives needed to power and control

16. Power Factor Harmonic Distortion Voltage Transients Voltage Sags or Dips Voltage Swells

17. Power factor correction Harmonic filtering Special line notch filtering Transient voltage surge suppression Proper ear thing systems

18. Economic Impact Equipment Reliability Power System Adequacy Environment

19. Flexible AC Transmission Systems, called FACTS higher controllability in power systems by means of power electronic devices for instance like upgrades or additions of substations and power lines FACTS-devices provide a better adaptation to varying operational conditions and improve the usage of existing installations.

20. Power flow control Increase of transmission capability Voltage control Reactive power compensation Stability improvement Power quality improvement Power conditioning Flicker mitigation