1. Paper & Board

2. Paper is a web-like materials made from very fine vegetable fibres. The fibres are made of cellulose that is usually extracted from wood (though plants like hemp and flax can also be used). The raw material is known as wood pulp. Chemicals are added to the wood pulp to produce the required texture and surface finish. Paper is made using the following method: 1.Tiny chips of wood are cooked in water and chemicals to create a mushy wood pulp. 2. This pulp is then poured over a fine mesh 3. As the water drains away the cellulose fibres (Less than 1mm in length) link together when they touch. 4. The fibres are passed through a set of rollers to remove the excess water. This strengthens the web of fibres.

3. Making Paper Trees cut & shreddedWater added Boiled up to make wood pulp Chemicals and dyes added Pulp poured over fine mesh and squeezed between rollers

4. Paper and board Described in weight (100g/m ) and thickness Over 200gm is called board A sizes most common (e.g. A4, A3, A2) Heavier boards laminated from layers Available in a full range of colours by adding dyes Paper is made with different substances by adding chemicals such as chalk Often made into combined material using other materials such as aluminium foil 2 2

5. Paper & cardboard Layout & tracing Cartridge Cardboard Solid white board Duplex board Foil lined board Corrugated board

6. Board Board is the general term for a range of paper-based materials, e.g.cardboard, carton board, mounting board and corrugated card Board is made from several layers of pulp papers, so it’s thicker, heavier and more rigid than paper. Very thick board is made by sticking sheets of paper or board together in a process known as laminating. Paper-based board can be laminated with a wide range of other materials, e.g. aluminium foil, plaster of Paris and rigid foam plastics, to create boards with different properties. These are often known as composite materials.