1. Unit 5 – Meteorology Essential Questions What is the atmosphere made of? How does energy transfer affect the atmosphere? How does movement of the air cause weather? What is weather? How do storms form?

2. Unit 5 – Meteorology Lesson 1 – Earth’s Atmosphere: Vocabulary troposphere ozone layer ultraviolet (UV) radiation chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s)

3. Unit 5 – Meteorology Lesson 1 – Earth’s Atmosphere The atmosphere is made up of gases, solids (dust, salt, and ice), and liquids (water droplets found in clouds). Nitrogen is the most common substance (78%), oxygen is the second (21%), and water vapor makes-up the third (0.0 – 4.0%). The five layers of Earth’s atmosphere are: the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.

4. Unit 5 – Meteorology Lesson 1 – Earth’s Atmosphere (cont.) The troposphere is the layer closest to the ground. It contains all clouds and weather. The stratosphere is the next up and contains the ozone layer, a thick blanket of oxygen that shields out harmful UV radiation.

5. Unit 5 – Meteorology Lesson 1 – Earth’s Atmosphere (cont.) Too much exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun can cause cancer and other health problems in plants or animals. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC’s), a group of chemical compounds used in refrigerators and aerosol cans, destroy ozone, causing a hole in the layer.

6. Unit 5 – Meteorology Lesson 1 – Earth’s Atmosphere (cont.) Some of the atmosphere’s layers contain gases that absorb the sun’s energy and some do not. So, as you go higher up, it does not necessarily get cooler. Atmospheric pressure, however, does decrease as you move away from Earth’s surface.

7. Unit 5 – Meteorology Lesson 1 – Earth’s Atmosphere : Barometer Lab – Day 1 Step 1) Question: Can I predict the weather with a homemade barometer? Step 2) Research: Use the materials provided by the teacher. Step 3) Hypothesis:

8. Unit 5 – Meteorology Lesson 1 – Earth’s Atmosphere : Barometer Lab – Day 1 (cont.) Step 4) Procedures: – a) Cut the balloon and stretch it tightly over the can. Secure it in place with the rubber band. – b) Using tape, attach a piece of construction paper vertically to the side of the can. – c) Tape one end of the straw to the middle of the balloon and point the other end toward the paper. – d) Draw a line across the paper where the straw touches. Write HIGH above and LOW below this line. – e) Record the movement of the straw and the weather each day for five days on the data table.

9. Unit 5 – Meteorology Lesson 1 – Earth’s Atmosphere : Barometer Lab – Day 2 Step 5) Perform: Step 6) Data Table: (Day 1) Step 7) Interpret Data: Step 8) Conclusion: – Was there a connection between barometric pressure and the weather? If so, what was it? If not, why didn’t you find one? – Refer to your hypothesis.

10. Unit 5 – Meteorology Lesson 2 – Sun Energy: Vocabulary radiation conduction convection

11. Unit 5 – Meteorology Lesson 2 – Sun Energy All of Earth’s water is called the hydrosphere. 97% is salt water, 2% is frozen, and 1% is freshwater. This fresh water is heated by radiant energy from the sun and constantly moves between the atmosphere and the surface in the water cycle.

12. Unit 5 – Meteorology Lesson 2 – Sun Energy : Heat Transfer Lab – Day 1 Step 1) Question: Does soil or water absorb and release heat faster ? Step 2) Research: Use the materials provided by the teacher. Step 3) Hypothesis: Step 4) Procedures:

13. Unit 5 – Meteorology Lesson 2 – Sun Energy : Heat Transfer Lab – Day 2 Step 5) Perform: Step 6) Data Table: (Day 1) Step 7) Interpret Data: Step 8) Conclusion: – Based on your data, which absorbed and released the most heat? – What are some factors that might have effected your results? – Refer to your hypothesis.

14. Unit 5 – Meteorology Lesson 3 – Air Movement: Vocabulary Coriolis effect jet stream

15. Unit 5 – Meteorology Lesson 3 – Air Movement Temperature differences at Earth’s surface are caused in part by its curved surface. The rotation of Earth creates the Coriolis effect, a bending of all free-moving objects to the right north of the equator and to the left south of it. Distinct wind patterns are caused by the uneven heating of the Earth and the Coriolis effect.

16. Unit 5 – Meteorology Lesson 3 – Air Movement (cont.) These distinct wind patterns have names based on location and direction: polar easterlies, prevailing westerlies, trade winds, and doldrums. At high altitudes, narrow belts of strong wind, called jet streams, blow near the top of the troposphere. They have a major effect on our weather.

17. Unit 5 – Meteorology Lesson 3 – Air Movement (cont.) Smaller wind patterns determine local weather. During the day, where the land meets the sea, a steady breeze from the sea towards the land is called a sea breeze. At night, a steady breeze from the land towards the sea is called a land breeze. A similar cycle can be found in mountain- valley winds.

18. Unit 5 – Meteorology Lesson 4 – Weather: Vocabulary weather relative humidity dew point

19. Unit 5 – Meteorology Lesson 5 – Storms: Vocabulary air mass fronts Doppler radar