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2010 Spring Final Exam Review Ditto that, Kickboy! I’m ready to kick a _ _ on this final exam!.
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1. Describe the ethnic make- up of the Balkan Peninsula:
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Very diverse: Serbs, Croats, Bosnians, Albanians, Christians, Muslims, Gypsies
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2. What country dominated Eastern Europe after World War II?
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Soviet Union
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3. Why is Eastern Europe considered a cultural crossroads?
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Many groups passed through the region over the centuries
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4. Define: satellite nation
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A nation dominated by another country
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5. Define: market economy
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Economic system in which production of goods & services is determined by demand from consumers
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6. Define: anti-Semitism :
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Discrimination against Jewish people
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7. Why did Eastern European countries move from farming to industry?
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The Soviet Union, which controlled Eastern Europe, wanted to industrialize
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8. What religious leader helped to both liberate Poland from the Soviet Union and to bring an end to the Soviet Union and Communism in Eastern Europe?
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Pope John Paul II
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9. Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes once were part of a country known as:
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Yugoslavia
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10. Define: ethnic cleansing
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Policy of trying to eliminate an ethnic group
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11. What led to the bloody conflict in the Balkans, especially the former Yugoslavia?
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Ethnic & religious differences
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12. How was Eastern Europe’s environment affected by years of Soviet domination and industrialization?
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Terrible air, water and soil pollution:
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13. City established by Czar Peter the Great on the Baltic Sea:
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St. Petersburg
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14. What ended the rule of the czars?
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Russian Revolution of 1917 – takeover of Russia by the Bolsheviks
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15. Country formed in Northern Eurasia by the Communist Party in 1922:
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U.S.S.R./ Soviet Union
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16. Conflict that existed between the U.S. & U.S.S.R. after WWII:
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Cold War
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17. Group that came from Scandinavia in the 800s A.D. and settled in Russia:
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Vikings
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18. Mongols who invaded Russia in the 13 th century were called:
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Tartars
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19. Powerful prince who put an end to Mongol rule in Russia in the 1500s:
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Ivan the Great
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20. Majority ethnic group of Russia:
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ethnic Russians
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21. Names of the Baltic Republics:
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Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania
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22. Joseph Stalin’s main goal for the Soviet Union:
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rapid industrialization
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23. Dominant religion and language of Russia:
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Orthodox Christianity/ Russian
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24. German whose ideas led to the economic/ political system called Communism:
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Karl Marx
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25. Which artists – writers, composers, etc. – represent the cultural heritage of Russia:
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Pushkin, Dostoyevsky, Stravinsky, Tchaikovsky
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26. Land, mines, factories, banks where controlled by whom in the Soviet economic system:
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the government
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27. Result of the Soviet experiment in Northern Eurasia:
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a complete failure
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28. Current president of Russia:
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D. Medvedev
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29. Oldest monotheistic religion:
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Judaism
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30. German priest who started the Reformation:
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Martin Luther
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31. Sacred city for Jews, Christians & Muslims:
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Jerusalem
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32. Most sacred book of Islam:
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Holy Qu ’ ran:
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33. Prophet who founded Islam:
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Muhammad
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34. Person who leads prayers & rituals of Judaism:
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rabbi
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35. Original followers of Jesus:
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apostles
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36. Rite of passage for Jewish teenage boys:
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Bar Mitzvah
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37. Pilgrimage to Mecca:
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Hajj
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38 Muslim house of prayer:
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mosque
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39. First split in Christianity (1054 A.D.) created this church:
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Orthodox Christian
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40. Jewish text containing the Ten Commandments:
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Torah
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41. Role of the muezzin:
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to call Muslims to prayer
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42. Meaning of “Islam”:
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submission to God, or peace
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43. Slender tower of a mosque:
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minaret
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44. Most strict form of Judaism:
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Orthodox Judaism
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45. Sayings of Muhammad found in this:
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Hadith
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46. Holy month of fasting in Islam:
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Ramadan
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47. Holiest of Jewish holy days:
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Sabbath
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48. Birthplace of Jesus Christ:
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Bethlehem
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49. Sometimes radical minority of Islam:
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Shi’ite
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50. World headquarters of the Roman Catholic Church:
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Vatican City
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51. Food that is “ fit to eat ” in Judaism:
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kosher
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52. Main difference between Catholics & Protestants:
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Protestants do not recognize the Pope as a leader of their church
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53. Devout Muslims do this five times a day:
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pray, facing Mecca
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54. Moses, Isaiah & Muhammad are called:
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prophets
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55. Main difference between Christians & Jews:
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Jews do not recognize Jesus Christ as the Messiah
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56. Religion that dominates Southwest Asia:
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Islam
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57. Leader of prayer in a mosque:
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imam
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58. Place where Muslims position themselves while praying:
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Towards the city of Mecca, Saudi Arabia
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59. Jewish house of prayer & worship:
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synagogue, or temple
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60. They first brought Christianity to the Americas:
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missionaries from Spain, Portugal & France
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61. 66-volume work that interprets Jewish scripture:
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Talmud:
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62. Christian concept of three persons in one God:
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trinity
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63. Group that controls oil process worldwide:
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OPEC
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64. They fought a war with Iran from 1980-1990:
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Iraq
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65. Reason why nations in SW Asia cannot base their economies totally on oil:
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The world price of oil moves up and down with the market
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66. Movement to create a Jewish homeland in Palestine:
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Zionism
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67. Country that liberated Kuwait in Persian Gulf War:
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United States
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68. 83% of Muslims belong to this branch: :
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Sunni
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69. Ethnic group in Turkey, Iran & Iraq that lacks official territory:
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Kurds
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70. Saudi Arabia uses its oil profits to develop this:
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infrastructure and water processing projects
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71. Organization formed to regain land for Palestinian Arabs:
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PLO/ Palestine Liberation Organization
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72. Holiest Jewish site in Jerusalem:
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Western, or Wailing, Wall
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73. Right which Palestinians demand in Israel:
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The “right of return” to native lands
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74. Muslim holy site in Jerusalem:
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Dome of the Rock
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75. Present-day Iraq was once site of this ancient civilization:
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Mesopotamia
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76. Large desert in Saudi Arabia:
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Rub al-Khali (Empty Quarter)
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77. Nation which took U.S. hostages during an Islamic Revolution in 1979: :
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Iran
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78. Group displaced with the creation of Israel:
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Palestinians
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79. Former Muslim regime of Afghanistan:
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Taliban
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80. Location of the Negev Desert:
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southern Israel
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81. Empire that once was located in Iran: :
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Persian Empire
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82. Rivers that form the Fertile Crescent in present- day Iraq:
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Tigris & Euphrates
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83. Oil wealth in SW Asia caused many people to migrate from where to where:
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from villages to the cities
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84. Dominant language of Southwest Asia:
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Arabic
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85. Where do most Palestinians live:
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in refugee camps just outside Israel’s borders
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86. SW Asia’s most valuable resource, besides oil:
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drinking water
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87. Define Bedouins:
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nomadic desert dwellers who are the ancestors of Arab people
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88. Countries which border the Persian Gulf:
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Oman, U.A.E., Qatar, Kuwait and Iran
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89. Iran’s capital city:
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Tehran
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90. Riyadh is capital of:
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Saudi Arabia
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91. What took place as soon as Israel declared itself a country:
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It was immediately attacked by its Arab neighbors
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92. Purpose of the Berlin Conference of 1884-1885?
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To prevent war among European powers by dividing control of Africa
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93. Significance of Goree Island:
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major port for the European slave trade:
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94. South Africa’s great hero:
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Nelson Mandela
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95. Three great trading empires of West Africa:
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Ghana, Mali, Songhai
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96. Ashanti people are most famous for this:
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asasia, or kente cloth:
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97. Major ethnic group of East Africa:
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Masai
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98. 95% of Egypt’s water comes from:
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Nile River
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99. Africa’s highest mountain peak:
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Mt. Kilimanjaro
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100. Causes of desertification:
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100. Farming, overgrazing by animals and overpopulation
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101. Nigeria’s oil is mostly found here:
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Niger River delta
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102. Cruel Belgium monarch who opened up Africa’s interior to trade:
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King Leopold II of Belgium
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103. Historic migration of African people that produced a diversity of cultures:
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Bantu migrations
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104. Rain forest of Africa are located here:
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On, or near, the Equator
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105. God-kings of ancient Egypt:
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pharaohs
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106. Event in Rwanda in 1994:
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Massive genocide of Tutsis by the Hutus
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107. Southern Africa’s most serious issue:
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HIV/ AIDs
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108. Europeans interest in bringing slaves from Africa to the New World:
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Slaves provided labor for European plantations in the Americas
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109. Majority of Southern Africans are__________speaking peoples.
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Bantu
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110. Structure built to control flooding of the Nile River:
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Aswan High Dam
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111. Largest lake in Africa: :
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Lake Victoria
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112. How do the current boundaries & former tribal boundaries of Africa compare:
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They do not match-up at all
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113. Period of Muslim rule in India, beginning in the 1500s:
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Mughal Empire
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114. Rainiest period in South Asia:
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Summer, during the monsoons
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115. Official language of India & dominant religion of India:
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Hindi/ Hinduism
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116. Mountains where Mt. Everest is located:
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Himalayas
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117. Territory fought over by India & Pakistan:
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Kashmir
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118. Sacred river of all Hindus: :
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Ganges River
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119. Founder of Buddhism around 600 B.C. in present- day Nepal:
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Siddhartha Gautama
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120. Ancient civilization located in present-day Pakistan:
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Indus River Valley civilization
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121. India’s most serious social problem:
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overpopulation
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122. American civil rights leader who was inspired by Mohandas Gandhi:
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Martin Luther King Jr.
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123. Most densely populated part of India: :
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Indo-Gangetic Plain
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124. Dominant religion of Pakistan & Bangladesh:
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Islam
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125. Hymns to the gods & sacred writings of the Hindus:
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vedas
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126. India is the world’s largest___________________.
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democracy
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127. Most remote countries in South Asia – located in the Himalayas:
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Nepal & Bhutan
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128. Rivers that empty into the Bay of Bengal through Bangladesh:
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Ganges & Brahmaputra
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129. Transportation system supervised by the British in India: :
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railroad
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130. India & Pakistan both possess these dangerous weapons:
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nuclear
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131. Monsoons are vital for this economic activity in South Asia:
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agriculture
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132. This is essential to break the cycle of poverty in India:
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education:
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133. Reason why farming is impractical in Nepal & Bhutan:
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Rugged terrain, little arable land
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134. Goal of every religious Hindu:
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Freedom, or liberation, from the cycle of birth, death & rebirth
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135. Define: karma
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Belief that all good and bad deeds we perform will come back to us in this life, or the next
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136. Define: guru :
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A person who teaches through a good example or a good life
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137. He led the struggle against the British rule of India:
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137. Mohandas Gandhi
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138. Condition of the Ganges River:
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138. Very polluted
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139. Worst result of British rule in India:
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139. Indians were made to feel like second-class citizens in their own country
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140. Mountain which is a sacred symbol of Japan:
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140. Mt. Fuji
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141. Two most important river of China:
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141. Chang Jiang (Yangtze) and the Huang He (Yellow)
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142. Vast desert that stretches across parts of China & Mongolia:
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142. Gobi Desert
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143. Name of world’s largest dam & the river it is being built on:
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143. Three Gorges Dam/ Chang Jiang
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144. Describe the climate of China:
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144. Various climate zones, similar to those of the United States
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145. China’s first dynasty that began in the 1700s B.C.:
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145. Shang
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146. China gets its name from the______Dynasty. China’s last dynasty was the______Dynasty, which lasted until 1911.
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Qin/ Qing
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147. Europe gained access to Chinese markets in the 19 th century because:
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China’s government was inefficient and its military was weak
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148. Put the following leaders in the order of when they influenced China: Sun Yat-senPu Yi (last emperor of China) Mao Zedong Chiang Kai- shek
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Pu Yi, Sun Yat-sen, Chiang Kai-shek, Mao Zedong
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149. Who defeated the Nationalists in 1949 for control of China & Who led China in 1949?
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Communists under Mao Zedong
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150. Where does most farming occur in China?
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Eastern river basins
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151. What is the industrial heartland of China?
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Northeast China
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152. East Asian countries most influenced by China:
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Korea and Japan
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153. Important Chinese inventions include:
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153. Paper, gunpowder, compass, porcelain, silk, fireworks, cast iron, moveable type
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154. Chinese philosopher who stressed education and obedience to authority for a well-ordered society:
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154. Confucius
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155. This tradition is based on teachings of Lao-tzu who stressed harmony in the individual & the universe:
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155. Daoism/ Taoism
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156. China’s population is___________; most people live in the_______________.
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156. 1.3 billion/ east
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157. The great conqueror of Mongolia was named:
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157. Ghengis Khan:
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158. Chiang Kai-shek & the Nationalists fled to________in 1949.
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158. Taiwan
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159. Type of government Mongolia had for over 60 years:
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159. Communist
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160. What were the Three Kingdoms of Korea:
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160. Koguryo, Paekche, Silla
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161. Who controlled Korea from 1910 to 1945?
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Japan
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162. 1950-1953: what was occurring on the Korean Peninsula:
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Korean War
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163. What happened to the Korean Peninsula after 1953?
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It was divided into two countries: Communist North Korea & non-Communist South Korea
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164. The most populated country on the Korean Peninsula is________________; its capital is_______________.
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164. South Korea/ Seoul
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165. Pyongyang is the _______________.
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165. North Korea’s capital & largest city
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166. What does the red circle on the flag of Japan represent?
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166. The sun goddess
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167. Where do most of the Japanese people live?
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167. Large and small cities
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168. What is Japan ’ s main island? :
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168. Honshu
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169. December 7, 1941:
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169. Japanese Imperial Army attacked the U.S. at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii – the U.S. enters WWII
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170. Which clan, who claimed descent from the sun goddess, became the first emperors of Japan?
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170. Yamato
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171. Japan’s capital, and the largest city on earth, is__________.
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171. Tokyo
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172. These generals of the emperor’s army ruled Japan for about 700 years:
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172. shoguns
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173. In the 1850s, who forced Japan to end its isolation from the world, using “gunboat diplomacy”
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173. The United States Navy under Commodore Matthew Perry
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174. What is significant about the cities of Hiroshima & Nagasaki?
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174. both cities were destroyed by atomic bombs dropped by the U.S. at the end of World War II
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175. Which Japanese city is a monument to Japanese culture?
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175. Kyoto
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176. Compare the Japanese school system with that of the U.S.:
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175. schools in Japan are much more structured & they require more years to complete with shorter vacations
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177. Define: global economy
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177. the merging of regional economies in which nations become dependent on each other for goods & services
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178. What are sweatshops?
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178. workplaces where people work long hours for low pay under poor conditions to enrich manufacturers
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179. Define: outback
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179. The dry, unpopulated inland region of Australia
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180. Often called the world’s largest coral reef:
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180. The Great Barrier Reef off the northeast coast of Australia
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181. Define: archipelago
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181. A set of closely grouped islands
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182. Difference between high islands and low islands:
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182. high islands were formed by volcanoes; low islands were formed from coral reefs
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183. Why did European countries & Japan seek control in Southeast Asia?
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183. to obtain wealth
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184. Why did the United States become involved in Vietnam?
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184. to prevent the spread of Communism from North Vietnam into South Vietnam
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185. What was Indochina?
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185. a French colony made up of Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam
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186. What was the result of the Vietnam War: 1957-1975?
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186. South Vietnam surrendered and the North reunited the country as a Communist nation
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187. What influences appear in Southeast Asia’s sculpture & architecture?
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187. Hinduism & Buddhism
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188. Which country in Southeast Asia was most affected by the 2004 Tsunami?
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188. Indonesia
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189. Three regions of Oceania:
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189. Micronesia, Melanesia, and Polynesia
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190. Define: subsistence activity:
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190. Activity in which a family produces only the food, clothing, and shelter they themselves need.
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191. Who first settled New Zealand?
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191. the Maori
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192. Who were Australia’s original inhabitants?
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192. The Aboriginal people
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193. Who conquered the Australia’s Aboriginal people and New Zealand’s Maori?
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193. The British
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194. Define: assimilation:
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194. Process in which a minority group gradually gives up its culture and adopts the culture of a majority group
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195. What was the purpose of the Land Rights Act of 1976?
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195. It gave Aboriginal people the right to claim land in the Northwest Territory of Australia
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196. Define: industrialization:
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196. The growth of industry in a country or a society
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197. Define: push-pull factors:
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197. They are those factors that cause people to leave their homeland and that attract people to other countries
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