1. World War 1

2. Industrial Revolution ● Machines are being used for making things instead of people ● Leads to: ● Trains ● Airplanes ● Motorboats ● Factories

3. ● Imperialism ● Desire to control more territories than you have ● Empire

4. Imperialism

5. German unification ● Germany used to be 300 separate states ● 1871- through several wars, Germany becomes a united country also most powerful nation in Europe

6. System of Alliances ● Germany looks for “place in the sun” ● Starts trying to gain colonies ● Starts building navy, gets 2 nd largest (Great Britain has largest

7. System of Alliances ● France nervous because Germany has largest army ● Great Britain nervous because Germany is getting largest navy ● French and Great Britain get in alliance (groups of nations or people who work for a common goal)

8. System of Alliances ● Germany gets nervous because of Great Britain and France ● Gets in alliance with Austria and Russia ● Austria and Russia start fighting, Russia breaks with alliance

9. Alliances ● Triple Alliance- Germany, Austria, Italy ● Triple Entente- Britain, France, Russia

10. Arms Race ● New cannons ● Machine Guns ● Tanks ● Battleships ● Planes ● Everyone must have the best weapons ● Everyone wants peace, but that is most favorable to them

15. New weapons.... But no new tactics to go with them

16. Powder keg is lit.... ● 1914-Archduke Franz Ferdinand (the next emperor of Austria) is assassinated by a Serbian ● Austria wanted to take control of the Balkans ● Used assassination as excuse to invade Serbia

17. Austria Declares war on Serbia

18. Russia, allied with Serbia ● Declares war on Austria

19. Germany, allied with Austria ● Declares war on Russia

20. France, allied with Russia ● Declares war on Germany

21. Great Britain, allied with France ● Declares war on Germany and Austria

22. World War 1 has begun

23. The Different Powers ● Central Powers- Germany, Austria, Ottoman Empire ● Allied Powers- Great Britain, France, Russia

24. World at War

25. World War 1: Battles

26. Schlieffen Plan ● German Strategy: – Main enemies: France and Russia ● If war came to both countries, Germany would attack France quickly ● France had good military, but smaller than Germany's ● Then attack Russia, which would take longer to mobilize (get an army ready for war)

28. Schlieffen Plan

29. Battle of Marne ● May 9, 1914- German Grand Strategy will not work – France will NOT be quickly defeated ● Germany loses 25,000 soldiers in a few weeks

30. Allied Strategy (British and French) ● None, really ● France was being invaded by the Germans, fighting a defensive war ● Britain had idea to blockade (stop trade) with Germany with its navy and assist France

31. Trench Warfare ● To protect themselves, soldiers dug holes ● Network of trenches

32. Verdun (1915) ● German offensive ● Second Bloodiest Battle ● 698,000 killed ● Artillery battle: 40 million artillery shells used

33. The Somme (1916) ● British/French Offensive: ● On first day, lost 60,000 troops ● July 1-Nov. 18- 1 million soldiers died

34. Naval Warfare ● British- stop goods from coming to Germany ● Germany- attack ships with U-boats (submarines) and sink ships to England

35. Role of India ● 1.3 million soldiers sent to fight in Europe (more than the British army)

36. American Role

37. US participation ● Isolationism- avoid getting involved with other countries

38. Who should America side with  Allies Cons  Not allowing American ships to trade with Germany  A lot of people hate British Empire (Irish Americans- 4.5 million) Pros ● Common Language and culture (British) ● British propaganda better than German ● Central Powers Cons ● German U-boats killing people, lots of ships sunk Pros ● 8 million German and Austrian Americans

39. Lusitania ● May 7, 1915 ● 1,195 died ● 128 Americans die ● Woodrow Wilson (President) orders Germany stop attacking US ships

40. January 1916 ● Germany resumes unrestricted submarine warfare

41. Zimmerman Telegram ● Letter to Mexico ● Declare war on the United States and Germany will: – Pay for your army – Help you take back Texas, California, Arizona, and Nevada

43. Russian Revolution ● March 1917 ● King of Russia (Czar) was overthrown ● Democratic Gov’t takes over ● Woodrow Wilson; now it was democracy vs. Empires

44. US participation ● April 2, 1917- US declares war on Germany

45. Woodrow Wilson: ● “The world must be made safe for democracy. It is a fearful thing to lead this great peaceful people into war, into the most terrible and disastrous of all wars…..But the right is more precious than peace….”

46. Selective Service Act ● May 18, 1917 ● Draft: requiring people to join the army ● 3 million men called to serve ● 300,000 African Americans joined (most not allowed to fight, thought cowardly) – 40,000 saw actual combat

47. Russian Revolution (Nov. 1917) ● Vladimir Lenin, leader of Communist Party, takes over country ● Promises to end the war for Russia ● Russia now Communist

48. October Revolution ● Becomes Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) ● Brest-Litovsk: German- USSR peace treaty

49. German Spring offensive (1918) ● Germany hoped for one last attack before American forces arrived ● Utterly failed, Germany asks for peace

51. January 1918 ● Peace declared ● WW1 over

52. Treaty of Versailles ● End of WW1 ● How do we stop this from ever happening again? ● France wanted: Punish Germany, break up Austria-Hungary ● GB wanted: same as France ● US wanted: safe place for democracy

53. Treaty of Versailles ● Goal: Make sure World War would never happen again ● How? – Punish Germany, lost territory, became Republic – Set up World Government (League of Nations) ● Break up Austria and Ottoman Empire into separate countries ● Any country that wants to be independent can be

54. Wilson’s 14 Points (plan to make sure this never happens again) ● No more secret meetings between countries ● Freedom of seas ● Reduce military ● Do not punish Germany ● Free all nations that want to be free ● “Association of Nations” to preserve peace

55. German Reparations ● Pay Allies $300 million ● Lose territory ● Army cannot be bigger than 100,000

56. League of Nations ● Body to determine peaceful solutions to worldwide problems ● Was not very effective ● Could not enforce laws

57. US and League of Nations ● Wilson wants to join but ________ does not approve of the Treaty

58. Before World War 1

59. After World War 1