1. Journal #49  16.2 Review 1. What was the first major battle of the Civil War and which side won? 2. Who became the leader of the main Union army and what was this army called? 3. Who became the leader of the main Confederate army? 4. What helped the Union score a win at Antietam?

2. 16.2 The War in the East

3. The Big Idea: Confederate and Union forces faced off in Virginia and at sea.

5. War in Virginia First major battle of Civil War in Virginia, in July 1861 First major battle of Civil War in Virginia, in July 1861 Union army of 35,000 under General Irvin McDowell Union army of 35,000 under General Irvin McDowell Confederate army of 22,000 under General Pierre G. T. Beauregard Confederate army of 22,000 under General Pierre G. T. Beauregard

6. War in Virginia Clashed at Bull Run Creek near Manassas in Virginia Clashed at Bull Run Creek near Manassas in Virginia Additional 10,000 Confederates arrived Additional 10,000 Confederates arrived Confederate troops under General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson held against Union advance Confederate troops under General Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson held against Union advance

7. THOMAS “STONEWALL” JACKSON

8. War in Virginia Confederates counterattacked Confederates counterattacked Union troops retreated but were scattered because of roads filled with fancy carriages of panicked spectators Union troops retreated but were scattered because of roads filled with fancy carriages of panicked spectators Confederates won First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas Confederates won First Battle of Bull Run, also known as the First Battle of Manassas This battle shattered the North’s hopes of winning the war quickly This battle shattered the North’s hopes of winning the war quickly

11. More Battles in Virginia The loss at Bull Run persuaded Lincoln of the need for a better trained army. The loss at Bull Run persuaded Lincoln of the need for a better trained army. General George B. McClellan was placed in charge of 100,000 soldiers, called the Army of the Potomac. General George B. McClellan was placed in charge of 100,000 soldiers, called the Army of the Potomac. They spent months training They spent months training McClellan hesitated to attack the Confederates because of their size. McClellan hesitated to attack the Confederates because of their size.

12. GENERAL GEORGE B. McCLELLAN

13. More Battles in Virginia McClellan launched an effort to capture Richmond called the Peninsular Campaign in the Spring of 1862. McClellan launched an effort to capture Richmond called the Peninsular Campaign in the Spring of 1862. Stonewall Jackson launched an attack towards Washington, preventing Union reinforcements. Stonewall Jackson launched an attack towards Washington, preventing Union reinforcements. McClellan’s force waited outside of Richmond in June 1862. McClellan’s force waited outside of Richmond in June 1862.

14. More Battles in Virginia Confederate army in Virginia came under the command of General Robert E. Lee. Confederate army in Virginia came under the command of General Robert E. Lee. Lee attacked Union forces in series of clashes called Seven Days’ Battles and forced Union army to retreat in June 1862. Lee attacked Union forces in series of clashes called Seven Days’ Battles and forced Union army to retreat in June 1862. Lincoln ordered General John Pope to march directly to Richmond. Lincoln ordered General John Pope to march directly to Richmond.

16. GENERAL ROBERT E. LEE

17. More Battles in Virginia Jackson’s troops stopped Pope’s army before it met up with the other Union army. Jackson’s troops stopped Pope’s army before it met up with the other Union army. The Second Battle of Bull Run, or Second Battle of Manassas, was fought for three days in August 1862; Confederates again forced a Union retreat. The Second Battle of Bull Run, or Second Battle of Manassas, was fought for three days in August 1862; Confederates again forced a Union retreat.

19. Robert E. Lee Born into wealthy Virginia family in 1807 Born into wealthy Virginia family in 1807 Graduate of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point Graduate of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point Fought in Mexican-American War Fought in Mexican-American War Lincoln asked Lee to lead Union army at start of Civil War. Lincoln asked Lee to lead Union army at start of Civil War. Lee declined and resigned from the Union Army to become a Confederate general. Lee declined and resigned from the Union Army to become a Confederate general.

20. The Battle of Antietam Confederate leaders wanted to follow Lee’s victories in Virginia with victory on northern soil. Confederate leaders wanted to follow Lee’s victories in Virginia with victory on northern soil. Lee divided his army with half going with Jackson to Harper’s Ferry. Lee divided his army with half going with Jackson to Harper’s Ferry. Union soldiers found a copy of Lee’s battle plan and knew about the division of troops. Union soldiers found a copy of Lee’s battle plan and knew about the division of troops.

21. The Battle of Antietam Lee’s Confederate troops and McClellan’s Union army met along Antietam Creek in Maryland on September 17, 1862. Lee’s Confederate troops and McClellan’s Union army met along Antietam Creek in Maryland on September 17, 1862.

22. The Battle of Antietam The Battle of Antietam was the bloodiest single-day battle in U.S. history, with more than 12,000 Union and 13,000 Confederate casualties. The Battle of Antietam was the bloodiest single-day battle in U.S. history, with more than 12,000 Union and 13,000 Confederate casualties. Also called the Battle of Sharpsburg Also called the Battle of Sharpsburg More soldiers were killed and wounded than all the American deaths in the American Revolution, War of 1812, and the Mexican-American War combined!! More soldiers were killed and wounded than all the American deaths in the American Revolution, War of 1812, and the Mexican-American War combined!! It was an important victory for the Union, stopping Lee’s northward advance. It was an important victory for the Union, stopping Lee’s northward advance.

23. Breaking the Union’s Blockade Union navy controlled the sea and blockaded southern ports. Union navy controlled the sea and blockaded southern ports. The southern economy was hurt because the South was prevented from selling and receiving goods. The southern economy was hurt because the South was prevented from selling and receiving goods. Some small, fast ships got through blockade, but the number of ships entering southern ports was reduced from 6,000 to 800 a year. Some small, fast ships got through blockade, but the number of ships entering southern ports was reduced from 6,000 to 800 a year.

25. Clash of the Ironclads Hoping to take away the Union’s advantage at sea, the Confederacy turned to a new type of warship—ironclads, or ships heavily armored with iron. Hoping to take away the Union’s advantage at sea, the Confederacy turned to a new type of warship—ironclads, or ships heavily armored with iron. The Confederacy Captured Union ship Merrimack, turned it into ironclad, and renamed it the Virginia. The Confederacy Captured Union ship Merrimack, turned it into ironclad, and renamed it the Virginia. Ironclads successfully attacked the wooden ships of the Union. Ironclads successfully attacked the wooden ships of the Union.

27. Clash of the Ironclads Met by a Union ironclad, the Monitor, in battle near Hampton Roads, Virginia, in March 1862 and it forced the Confederates to withdraw Met by a Union ironclad, the Monitor, in battle near Hampton Roads, Virginia, in March 1862 and it forced the Confederates to withdraw Designed by John Ericsson Designed by John Ericsson Had a revolving gun tower and thick plating Had a revolving gun tower and thick plating The Monitor’s success saved the Union fleet and continued the blockade. The Monitor’s success saved the Union fleet and continued the blockade.