1. Cold War Unit 6 Ms. Hunt RMS IB 2014-2015

2. Post World War II Immediately following WWII- Tension developed between the U.S. and the Soviet Union. Why this tension? U.S. and Soviet Union were the strongest nations following WWII Titled “Superpowers” Opposite ideas about government U.S.- Democracy/ Capitalist economy Soviet Union- Dictatorship/ Communist economy U.S. practiced policy of Containment- not allowing communism to spread How?- Control Western Europe and West Germany Soviet Union took control of Eastern European countries (economically and militarily) Eastern Germany, Poland, Hungary, Rumania, Bulgaria, and Czechoslovakia *Think about it- Why would East Germany being controlled by Soviet Union be an issue?

3. Soviet Union Control in East Germany While West Germany was controlled by the Allied Powers, the Soviet Union wanted to show dominance of Germany Berlin Blockade- Soviet government shut down all highways and railroads from West Berlin and Germany. East Germany could not receive any supplies Berlin Airlift- Allied Powers takes action! Rather than send troops into Soviet territory, Allied Powers used planes to drop food, clothing, and fuel each day After 321 days of the airlift- Soviets ended the blockade

5. Causes of the Cold War- Containment Policy Four-Point Program- use American money and technical specialist to help developing nations grow Goal- increase agricultural production, improve government, advance education, and promote public health Created by President Truman Much of Europe was in need of help after WWII- Soviet Union promised support! *Helped Soviet Union to spread power throughout Europe! U.S. response- Marshall Plan Organize all European nation to work together in order to rebuild and recover U.S. would provide money and support for the plan Result- Between 1948 and 1952- $12 billion went to 16 Western European countries (no communism spread there)

7. Cause of the Cold War- Alliances Soviet Union and U.S. both joined multiple world organizations that helped to lead to additional tension NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) 1949- Atlantic bordering nations promised to defend each other from Soviet attack U.S. provided troops to be stationed in Europe Warsaw Pact, 1955- Soviet Union and Soviet Satellite nations joined in a treaty to protect each other from a NATO alliance attack *Think about it- How is this similar to WWI and WWII?

8. NATO and Warsaw Pact Map

9. Causes of the Cold War- Nuclear Threat After the dropping of the Atom Bomb in Japan, nuclear weapons threatened the world 1949- Soviet Union develops and successfully detonates Atomic Bomb Arms Race- U.S. and Soviet Union competed with each other to develop more powerful and expansive armories/ weapons

10. Action of the Cold War- Berlin Wall During the night of August 13 th, 1961, Soviet military constructed a wall dividing West and East Berlin. Why?- Communist government of East Germany wanted to stop people from fleeing to Western Germany Following the building of the wall, East Germany released some economic control and allowed economic growth. People who were found trying to escape to West Berlin were arrested or killed by border guards.

12. Action of the Cold War- Cuban Missile Crisis 1959- Fidel Castro becomes dictator of Cuba Through a revolution In two years, Castro converted Cuba to a Communist Dictatorship and allied the nation with the Soviet Union. Fall of 1962- U.S. satellites showed Soviet medium range nuclear missiles being placed on Cuban territory (90 miles from the Florida coast) For 13 days the nations “stared war in the face” President John F. Kennedy demanded the missiles be removed Soviet leader Khruschev agreed if U.S. missiles be removed from Turkey and promise to not invade Cuba

14. End of the Cold War 1972- policy of détente established French word meaning “relaxation of strained relations” President Nixon and Soviet leader Brezhnev signed many agreements promising to work together on technology, sciences, and economically 1989- Berlin Wall is removed President Reagan- “Tear down this wall!” Overtime, tensions “cooled” as the nations worked together Following the video, answer the following questions in the google form hyperlink on the Unit 6 page: History of the Berlin Wall https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MM2qq5J5A1s What actions did East Germany take to control it’s people? What actions do you believe would have been necessary to break down the Berlin Wall sooner?

15. Annotated Timeline- The Cold War For each of the following events, illustrate a picture and write 2-3 sentences which describe the event. Policy of Containment Creation of Alliance Nuclear Threats Berlin Wall Cuban Missile Crisis On the back of your timeline, write a 4-5 sentence summary regarding which events you think are the most important in understanding the Cold War. Your timeline must be neat, use correct information, and provide a summary that uses evidence!