1. The Other Side of Malcolm X Ballots or Bullets? 1964: breaks with Elijah Muhammad Makes pilgrimage to Mecca Learned that Islam taught racial equality Attitudes towards whites changed New Slogan: “ballots or bullets” Assassinated in October 1965

2. Black Power “Walk Against Fear” James Meredith is shot by a racist white SCLC, SNCC and CORE unite to finish the march SNCC & CORE are more militant MLK & SCLC are less militant Stokely Carmichael = first to use phrase “black power” Gave speech after being arrested & beaten

3. The Black Panthers Represented growing radicalism in certain parts of the black community Huey Newton & Bobby Seale found a new political party, BLACK PANTHERS Self sufficiency, employment, housing No draft for African Americans: unfair #’s of blacks in Vietman Followed teachings of Ma0 Zedong (Communist leader) Preached self-defense Numerous shootouts with police Many FBI investigations

5. Martin Luther King is Killed Martin Luther King, Jr.: objected to Black Power movement April 4, 1968: MLK, Jr. is shot in Memphis Worst urban rioting in US History followed June 1968: Robert Kennedy is also shot

6. CIVIL RIGHTS GAINS Ended de jure segregation Civil Rights Act of 1968: ends discrimination housing Increase in educational opportunities leads to more jobs and business opportunities Greater pride in racial identity More than 2/3 of African Americans were registered to vote by 1970 100 African Americans in political office in 1965 to over 7,000 by 1992