1. Pre-History and Characteristics of Civilization AP World History EVHS

2. Quiz!! 1. The human species has existed for approximately how long? 2. Why do hunting and gathering groups tend to be small? 3. Why did people first develop rituals? 4. Name one discovery that facilitated the spread of groups throughout the world. 5. Name one benefit of metalworking.

3. 5 Stages of Hominids – Pre-History Australopithecus – “southern ape” “Lucy” (Johansen) Great Rift Valley – Ethiopia diggers; lacked language, short, furry, omnivores Homo Habilis – “handy man” Louis and Mary Leakey – Kenya Used stone tools; lacked complex language Homo Erectus – “upright man” - bipedal Not only in Africa but Asia and Europe used complex tools and fire; first spoken language Homo Sapiens – “wise man” –Neanderthal Man –Lived all over the world, religious rituals, advanced spoken language, cave painting, sculpting, identified by clans Homo Sapiens Sapiens – “wise, wise man” – US!

4. The Journey of Mankind – The Peopling of the World

6. Eight Components of Civilization: 1. Cities Agriculture allowed for a surplus (which was difficult to move) River valleys: agriculture required a stable source of water

7. Issues laws, collects taxes, organizes defense, monitors/rations food supply Bureaucracy – managing government through departments of officials Protecting the surplus was of the utmost importance Eight Components of Civilization: 2. Government

8. People believed in higher beings Polytheistic – many gods People wanted to gain favor with the gods Eight Components of Civilization: 3. Religion

9. Crucial skill for early civilizations Pictograms – simple drawings to show words Scribes – as writing became complex these trained experts learned to read and write Eight Components of Civilization: 4. Writing

10. People were ranked according to their jobs/occupations Priests and nobles were at the top level of society Next, came merchants, artisans, peasant farmers, and finally…..slaves. Eight Components of Civilization: 5. Social Classes

11. Monumental architecture – temples, palaces Irrigation systems, roads and bridges Defensive walls Eight Components of Civilization: 6. Public Works

12. Specialization brought expertise Artisans – skilled craft workers who made pottery or woven goods Eight Components of Civilization: 7. Job Specialization

13. Expressed the beliefs and values of people who created them Temples and palaces reassured people of the strength and power of their government and religion Eight Components of Civilization: 8. Art and Architecture

15. Developing a Thesis Compare and contrast the social and economic characteristics of agriculturally based societies with hunter-gatherer societies.