1. Students will use primary sources to identify the tactics used to develop empires by the Muslims

2. Recall: What are 2 of the 8 concepts of a civilization?

3. Read pages 202-207 identify and define the 8 key terms and places. Answer questions 1-3 ALL PARTS

4. A new leader of Islam emerged. After the death of Muhammad there were multiple incidents of people fighting for the power. Eventually one leader emerges This leader is called a caliph Caliph: a title that Muslims use for the highest leader of Islam.

5. Through trade Islam spread. Major cities of Islamic worship emerge in formally Christian dominant areas. Cities like Cordoba, Spain become a place of tolerance. Tolerance: accepting of one another.

6. As Islam spread and became major presence in cities eventually the tolerance ended and they took control of these cities. Ottomans: a group of Muslims from Turkey who were fierce warriors who later formed an empire

7. Various trade groups spread Islam to Europe and Africa. Turn and Talk: What do we call the dispersion of an idea or concept such as religion?

8. As large Muslim groups spread over the world they enslaved many people forcing them to become Muslims and soldiers. Janissaries: slave soldiers forced to convert to Islam The Ottomans were also intolerant to women often being treated unequally. Harem: a household where women were forced to live apart from men.

9. The leader of the Ottomans. Mehmed led the siege on Constantinople. Siege: the action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place and isolates it while continuing to attack. Taking over by force. Mehmed and other Ottoman leaders grew the Ottoman lands by 30 times in about 350 years.

10. Once a great Catholic church Mehmed converted it into a Mosque.

11. Turn and talk: Analyze the map and create a list of what you think are pros and cons to the expansion of the Ottoman Empire.

12. The forceful nature of the Ottomans angered some groups and eventually led to their downfall. The Safavid Empire: A group of Persian Muslims who disliked the Ottomans Angered by the different beliefs the Ottomans had the Safavids eventually conquer part of the Ottoman empire. Turn and Talk: How do you think Muslim groups can have different beliefs?

13. Sunni: believed that no relation to Mohammad was needed to be caliph. Shia: believe only decedents of Mohammad can be caliph

14. Draw a venn diagram into your notebook. Then read the below text and compare and contrast the Ottomans and the Safavids. The Ottoman Empire spread throughout Western Arabia, Asia Minor, Sourthern Europe and northern Africa in only 350 years. Using force they gained control a lot of land; spreading their Sunni Muslim ways. This angered some people. In particular, a Shia group from Persia called the Safavids were angry with the way they were treated by the Ottomans and the beliefs of that were being spread by the Ottomans. Like the Ottomans the Safavid’s forced non-Muslims into slavery and forced them to convert to Islam and serve as soldiers. Like all early Muslim societes trade played an important role in the growth of both the Ottoman and Safavid empires. Ottomans traveled around collectiong spices, fabrics and other valuable items to distribute around their empire. The Safavids relied mostly on the natural resources available to them such as steel, handwoven carpets and cermaics.