2. LYNDON BAINES JOHNSON AND THE GREAT SOCIETY JOHNSON LEADS AMERICA IN THE 1960S

3. LBJ becomes President Hours after JFK’s assassination, vice-president Lyndon Johnson of Texas was sworn in as president Biggest issues facing LBJ as president:  The Civil Rights Movement  The growing poverty in America  The conflict in Vietnam

4. JFK LAID TO REST All work stopped for Kennedy’s funeral as America mourned its fallen leader The assassination and the televised funeral became historic events Like 9-11, Americans can recall where they were when they heard the news of the President’s death Three-year old John Kennedy Jr. salutes his father’s coffin during the funeral

5. LBJ A fourth-generation Texan, grew up poor. He was a teacher who taught to Mexican immigrants Lyndon Johnson (LBJ) entered politics in 1937 as a congressman Johnson admired Franklin Roosevelt who took the young congressman under his wing Johnson became a senator in 1948 and by 1955 he was Senate majority leader Johnson began his Presidency by calling on legislators to pass a civil rights bill & several other measures as a tribute to President Kennedy Senator Johnson pictured in 1958

6. The Johnson Treatment Reputation of being “overpowering and intimidating” Invaded personal space: nose to nose “persuasive and personable rather than elegant and charming”

7. JOHNSON’S DOMESTIC AGENDA As soon as Johnson took office, he urged Congress to pass the tax-cut bill that Kennedy had sent to Capital Hill The tax cut passed and $10 billion in cuts took effect The purpose was to stimulate the economy by placing more money in the hands of consumers & investors

8. CIVIL RIGHTS ACT OF 1964 In July of 1964, LBJ pushed the Civil Rights Act through Congress The Act prohibited discrimination based on race, color, religion or national origin, and granted the federal government new powers to enforce the law LBJ signs the Civil Rights Act as Martin Luther King watches

9. THE 1964 ELECTION In 1964, Johnson faced a conservative politician, Senator Barry Goldwater of Arizona. Goldwater opposed LBJ’s social legislation Goldwater alienated voters by suggesting the use of nuclear weapons in Cuba and North Vietnam

10. The Daisy AD http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-DhkY6d9uqQ

11. LBJ WINS BY A LANDSLIDE LBJ won the 1964 election by a landslide For many it was an anti- Goldwater vote Many Americans saw Goldwater as a War Hawk The Democrats also increased their majority in both houses in Congress Now Johnson launched his reform program in earnest

12. LBJ easily defeats Goldwater in ‘64

13. LBJ’s Great Society Once Johnson was elected in 1964, he began working on his plan for domestic programs to help the United States. He called his program the Great Society. His goal was to open opportunities for ALL Americans. In the area of Education, Heathcare & Welfare, War on Poverty & Consumer & environmental Protection

14. The War on Poverty “America needs to build a ‘Great Society.’ I am declaring a war on poverty.” -- Lyndon B. Johnson University of Michigan, 1964 In his book The Other America, Michael Harrington showed that many Americans lived in poverty in the United States. The book influenced the thinking of both John F. Kennedy and his successor, Lyndon B. Johnson, as they both made the elimination of poverty a major goal.

15. THE WAR ON POVERTY This firsthand look at the effects of poverty and discrimination made a deep impression on Johnson and sparked in him a lifelong desire to find solutions to these problems. LBJ launched his War on Poverty In August of 1964 he pushed through Congress a series of measures known as the Economic Opportunity Act The Act provided $1 billion in aid to the inner cities

16. EDUCATION Johnson considered education “the key which can unlock the door to the Great Society” The Elementary and Secondary Education Act provided $1 billion to help public schools buy textbooks and library materials This Act represented the first major federal aid package for education ever

17. HEALTHCARE LBJ and Congress enhanced Social Security by establishing Medicare and Medicaid Medicare provided hospital insurance and low-cost medical care to the elderly Medicaid provided health benefits to the poor

18. HOUSING LBJ and Congress appropriated money to build 240,000 units of low- rent public housing; established the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and appointed the first black cabinet member, Robert Weaver, as HUD’s first leader Weaver

19. THE ENVIRONMENT LBJ also actively sought to improve the environment The Water Quality Act of 1965 required states to clean up their rivers and lakes LBJ also ordered the government to clean up corporate polluters of the environment

20. CONSUMER PROTECTION HIGHWAY SAFETY ACT- improved federal, state, & local coordination. FAIR PACKAGING & LABELING ACT- required consumer products to have “true” & informative labels LBJ said, “Americans can feel safer now in their homes, on the road, and at the supermarket”

21. BUILDING THE GREAT SOCIETY In May of 1964, LBJ summed up his vision for America in a phrase: “The Great Society” By the time he left the White House in 1969, Congress had passed 206 of LBJ’s Great Society legislative initiatives

22. IMPACT OF GREAT SOCIETY The Great Society and the Warren Court changed the United States No president in Post-WWII era extended the power and reach of the federal government more than LBJ The War on Poverty helped, the Civil Rights initiative made a difference and the massive tax cuts spurred the economy

23. IMMIGRATION REFORM The Great Society also brought reform to immigration laws The Natural Origins Acts of the 1920s strongly discriminated against immigration by those outside of Western Europe The Immigration Act of 1965 gave each country the same maximum numbers of immigrants it could send to the U.S.

24. VOTING RIGHTS ACT 1965 Part of the Civil Rights Act was to insure voting rights for all Americans The act prohibited literacy tests or other discriminatory practices for voting The act insured consistent election practices "By the way, what's the big word?"

25. Thurgood Marshall In 1967, Thurgood Marshall, a civil rights lawyer and great-grandson of a slave, became the first African American to serve on the U.S. Supreme Court. He was nominated by President Johnson, who called it "the right thing to do, the right time to do it, the right man and the right place."

26. SUPREME COURT REFORMS SOCIETY, TOO Reform and change were not limited to the Executive and Legislative branches The Judicial Branch led by the Supreme Court and Chief Justice Earl Warren did much to protect individual rights Warren

27. WARREN COURT AND SUSPECT’S RIGHTS In Mapp v. Ohio (1961) the Supreme Court ruled that illegally seized evidence could not be used in court In Escobedo v. Illinois the court ruled that the accused has the right to have an attorney present when questioned by police

28. Key Supreme Court rulings Reynolds v. Sims: Voting districts in many states were unequal. The case ruled that voting districts had to be equal in size. Established the principle of “one man, one vote.” Gideon v. Wainwright: Defendant in a state court had the right to a lawyer, regardless of his ability to pay Engel v. Vitale: Court ruled that government- funded schools could not require prayer in public schools

29. Miranda v. Arizona Ernesto Miranda was arrested for raping an 18 year old. He later confessed to robbery and attempted rape under interrogation by police Miranda had confessed without knowing that he had the right to remain silent (5 th Amendment) Supreme Court ruled that his constitutional rights were violated by the police who interrogated him

30. The Great Society Falls Victim to the Vietnam War America’s involvement in the Vietnam War forced President Johnson to withdraw funding from the Great Society programs.