1. In 1492…

2.  Look at the I. Local Map-Making!  Follow the directions on how to make a local map.  Take 5 minutes to draw this map then we will discuss it!

3.  Look at the II. Global Map-Making!  Follow the directions on how to make a local map.  Take 5 minutes to draw this map then we will discuss it!

4. 1. The Age of Exploration (1450-1550) has often been described as a…

5.  Time when Europeans sailed the oceans searching for new routes to restart the Spice Trade. ▪ Exploration resulted in the…

6. 1. The Age of Exploration (1450-1550) has often been described as a…  Time when Europeans sailed the oceans searching for new routes to restart the Spice Trade. ▪ Exploration resulted in the… ▪ Discovery of the New World (N. & S. America). ▪ Trade between the New & the Old World (Europe, Asia, & Africa). ▪ Expansion of European influence.

7.  The big question is why? Why did European not set sail earlier? Why did they know so little about the world around them? What motivated them to sail when they did?  Let’s compare these two maps to see what Europeans knew of world geography at the time.

8. What continents & nations do we know about? Known World 2012 AD

9. What continents & nations are we missing? Known World 1450 AD

10. 2. Europeans at that point in time knew of about ¼ of the world.

11.  Europeans’ world view focused only on the Mediterranean.  Most Europeans could not afford exploration.  European merchants only traveled to known places & for profit. ▪ As long as the Spice Trade was open, merchants did not need to discover any new routes to Asia.

12. What two (2) routes are there for the Spice Trade?

13. 3. In 1453, the Ottoman Empire blocked the known routes for the Spice Trade preventing trade w/ Asia.  If Europe was to continue its luxurious ways, new routes to Asia had to be found.

14. 4. The Cause & Effect of the Spice Trade becoming blocked (cause) was the beginning of exploration of the oceans to find new routes to Asia. (effect)  What nations would lead this push for exploration? Why?

15. 4. The Cause & Effect of the Spice Trade becoming blocked (cause) was the beginning of exploration of the oceans to find new routes to Asia. (effect)  What nations would lead this push for exploration? Why? Portugal & Spain, geographically closer to the Atlantic.

16. 5. Using the map to right, what three (3) routes were left to the Europeans?

17.  Sail around Africa.  Sail around Russia.  Sail west across the Atlantic.  Problems with these routes? Everyone knew where Asia was: in the east. But no one knew what was between Point A & Point B. This is why exploration & map-making was so difficult. Look at your map to Tokyo!

18.  We know where Europeans will go, but other questions have yet to be answered: what motivated Europeans to explore & what technology allowed European to go explore?  This question is best answered through answering the next question.

19.  Let’s suppose NASA found a portal out in space. Scientists know that it would transport any object to a different planet billions upon billions upon billions of miles away. NASA wants to know what is on the other end so it asked you to go through this gateway into the heavens. Would you go through it? Explain your answer.

20. 1. Much like most of you that decided to go through the portal, Europeans were motivated for the same reasons. Those that went made discoveries only their dreams could outmatch while those that stayed put were left behind in the dust. The four (4) main motivating factors that began the Age of Exploration were…

21.  Gold.  Gold would come from restarting the Spice Trade & finding new sources of wealth.  Many explorers persuaded the Kings of Spain & Portugal to finance their trips in return for claims to new land. ▪ Exploration was expensive & there was no guarantee you would recuperate your losses. ▪ But the potential gain was 10x the cost. Gold, Spices, Silk, Perfumes…it’s all good.

22.  God.  Many clergymen saw this as an opportunity to spread the Christian faith. ▪ It also meant more money from offerings & tithes.  Many explorers took priests on their trips to act as advisors, recorders, & luck. ▪ Explorers wanted God’s blessing so they sailed for Christianity. Naturally all the native peoples they would find were just waiting to be converted to a new religion & give up their thousand year old culture…right?

23.  Glory.  Many explorers wanted fame & glory more than anything; to be immortalized in history. ▪ With glory comes respect, power, & influence.  Being the first there was a personal accomplishment, a sign of greatness; Humanism at its finest. Who is this man, why is he significant, & how do we honor him?

24.  Curiosity.  Many explorers simply wanted to know what else was out there. ▪ Some men wanted to escape the world they were in or wanted something new.  Humans are curious by nature, but the Renaissance had changed human perspective on life by awakening a spirit of discovery in Europe; life was a mystery to be solved. We have all been there for one reason or another: Christmas gifts, being told not to, or the just plain boredom.

25. 1. Europeans would have never gotten anywhere had it not been for the new technologies of the 15 th Century. A new focus on education had emerged during the Renaissance that created a plethora of new technologies of exploration. These new technologies were… Often times explorers stayed close to the coastline to explore as opposed to sailing west. Why?

26.  Compass.  Why would they need it for exploration?

27.  Compass.  Why would they need it for exploration? To tell direction at sea.

28.  Astrolabe.  Why would they need it for exploration?

29.  Astrolabe.  Why would they need it for exploration? To tell latitude at sea. ▪ With latitude & direction you could sail anywhere w/o staying close to land.

30.  Caravel.  Why would they need it for exploration?

31.  Caravel.  Why would they need it for exploration? Needed a ship that could handle rough waters & long distances. ▪ It was bigger, stronger, faster, & could carry more weight (crew, supplies, gold) than any ship in Europe.

32.  Sails.  Why would they need it for exploration?

33.  Sails.  Why would they need it for exploration? Harness the wind to propel the ship. ▪ How did they propel ships before? ▪ Why was wind advantageous? ▪ Any problems w/ wind power?

34.  Rudder.  Why would they need it for exploration?

35.  Rudder.  Why would they need it for exploration? Steer the ship more effectively. ▪ How did captains steer ships before?

36.  Cannons.  Why would they need it for exploration?

37.  Cannons.  Why would they need it for exploration? For attack & defense. ▪ Exploration brought certain dangers that might have to be confronted.