1. Objectives Content: Analyze primary source accounts of the Homestead Strike. Language: Explain the changes desired by Bryan and T. Roosevelt.

2. The Progressive Movement Progressive = Change - These changes included: - Breakup of monopolies - Improvement in Working Conditions - Limitations on Child Labor - Rise of Labor Unions - Temperance Movement - Women’s Suffrage

3. Early Attempts at Reform Unions Workers responded to dangerous conditions by forming Labor Unions. Business owners saw labor unions as unfair because they prevent competition. The largest impact was made by organizing a strike.

4. Strikes Strikes were often violent and deadly and many people did not support this lawless disorder.

5. The Homestead Strike In 1892, workers went on strike at Carnegie’s steel plant in Homestead, PA. The strike occurred because of increased hours, decreased wages, and unsafe conditions. Workers barricaded themselves in front of the plant.

6. The Homestead Strike Frick (Carnegie’s general manager) tried to take the plant back by force. Eventually the PA governor sent in troops. Lives were lost on both sides. The strike was a failure since the strikers were immediately replaced by non-union strikebreakers http://www.history.com/topics/homestead-strike/videos#andrew-carnegie-and-the- homestead-strike http://www.history.com/topics/homestead-strike/videos#andrew-carnegie-and-the- homestead-strike

7. Politics William Jennings Bryan Ran for President three times Fought for the lower classes and the rights of laborers/farmers Spoke out against political corruption

8. Theodore Roosevelt Success in Spanish American War gives him celebrity status Vice President and then President of U.S. Believed president was the “steward of the people,” = he could not be bought or manipulated.

9. Theodore Roosevelt https://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/famoushi storicalfigures/theodoreroosevelt/ Anti-trust - preventing or controlling trusts or other monopolies, with the intention of promoting competition.

10. During the Progressive Era, people began to believe that it was the government’s job to help solve society’s problems. Many new laws were passed as a result of the progressive movement including several amendments to the Constitution. Progressive leaders of the time included muckrakers, elected government officials and very often women.

11. Progressive Era Amendments 18 th – (1919) Prohibition of Alcoholic Beverages 19 th - (1920) Women’s Suffrage (The right to vote) 21 st – (1933) Repeal of Prohibition amendment

12. 18 th Amendment “Prohibition” also known as The Temperance Movement http://safeshare.tv/v/ss56535 8b20d22b http://safeshare.tv/v/ss56535 8b20d22b Prohibited the production, sale, or transportation of alcoholic beverages in the United States

13. Carrie Nation and her “Hatchetations” Biggest group behind Temperance movement was the Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) Carrie became the face (and ammo) of the movement

14. Alone or accompanied by hymn-singing women she would march into a bar, and sing and pray while smashing bar fixtures and stock with a hatchet. Her actions often did not include other people, just herself. Between 1900 and 1910, she was arrested some 30 times for "hatchetations", as she came to call them. Nation paid her jail fines from lecture-tour fees and sales of souvenir hatchets. In April 1901 Nation came to Kansas City, Missouri, a city known for its wide opposition to the temperance movement, and smashed liquor in various bars on 12th Street in Downtown Kansas City. [15] She was arrested, hauled into court and fined $500 ($13,400 in 2011 dollars), though the judge suspended the fine so long as Nation never returned to Kansas City. [17] She would be arrested over 32 times—one report is that she was placed in the Washington DC poorhouse for three days for refusing to pay a $35.00 fine [18] One hotel she did not smash was the St James of Minneapolis [19]Kansas CityMissouriDowntown Kansas City [15] [17] [18] [19]

17. 21 st Amendment Repeal of Prohibition Prohibition amendment was so controversial, that it became one of the central issues of the1932 Presidential election FDR ran and won on a platform which included an end to Prohibition During his presidency the 21 st amendment was passed http://safeshare.tv/v/ss56535a3e0228f

18. In the 1900s, a group of writers began writing stories that exposed government corruption and other problems of American society. These writers were known as muckrakers because they “dug up” the “dirt” about of American society. Muckrakers

19. Many muckraker stories were printed in magazines and widely read. As the public became informed of these problems, they began to demand REFORM! Ex: The Jungle Pure Food and Drug Act (FDA) and the Meat Inspection Act in 1906

20. Workplace Reforms - Reforms were needed because of these three negative effects of industrialization: 1. Unsafe working conditions 2. Low wages and long hours 3. Child Labor

21. Working Conditions Labor unions were weak. Workers worked for long hours, for low pay, in dangerous environments.

22. Unsafe working conditions The Triangle shirtwaist factory fire of 1911 Locked exits and a faulty fire escape led to the deaths of 146 women working in the factory This was one of the tragic events that led to workplace reforms http://www.albany.edu/jmmh/vol2no1/trianglefire.html

23. Child Labor Young children worked for long hours and low pay in dangerous environments. These children received no education Lewis Hine used photographs of children working to try to reform (and end) child labor practices http://safeshare.tv/v/ss56535aa282b4e http://www.historyplace.com/unitedstates/childlabor/ Child labor reading

24. The Rise of Labor Unions Samuel Gompers began the American Federation of Labor (also called the AFL) It was one of the most powerful Labor Unions The American Federation of Labor (AFL) had 1.6 million members by 1904.

25. Progressive movement workplace reforms In the end, the Labor Unions had many successes 1. Improved safety conditions 2. Reduced work hours 3. Placed restrictions on Child Labor Expanded Education – In 1865 most children attended school for only 4 years, By 1914 80% of all children (ages 5-17) were enrolled in school

26. Women’s Suffrage Women gained the right to vote with the passage of the 19 th amendment to the Constitution of the United States of America. http://safeshare.tv/ v/ss565496f9ebcf7

27. Map of Women’s Suffrage Before 1920

29. Amendment Review Ya’ll ready for this?

30. What did the 13 th amendment do? The 14 th ?

31. 15 th amendments Granted African-American men the right to vote Disappointed many women who thought African- American men and women would be enfranchised together African Americans were split over whether men should get vote before women

32. Sojourner Truth, 1869 “There is a great stir about colored men getting their rights, but not a word about the colored women … And if colored men get their rights, and not colored women theirs, you see the colored men will be masters over the women, and it will be just as bad as it was before.” Sojourner Truth, 1864

33. Famous Suffragettes National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) Big leaders in the women’s suffrage movement: Susan B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton Two strategies: Try to win suffrage state by state Try to pass a Constitutional Amendment (but this would need to be ratified by 36 states – or three-fourths)

34. http://safeshare.tv/v/ss56549934e09ad

35. Anti-suffragists Those who opposed extending the right to vote to women were called anti- suffragists. Many anti’s were women. “O Save Us, Senators, from Ourselves!”

36. Beliefs of Anti-Suffragists Women were high-strung, irrational, and emotional Women were not smart or educated enough Women should stay at home Women were too physically frail; they would get tired just walking to the polling station Women would become masculine if they voted

37. Discrimination against Native Americans Native Americans did not receive any citizenship rights in the United States until 1924. This means that they were the last group of people to be given Constitutional rights!