1. The Rise in BIG Business SOL 3d 11/19/20151

2. Between the Civil War and World War I, the U. S. was transformed from an agricultural to an industrial nation. 2

3. Contribution of Inventions to Industrial Growth 3

4. Electricity Thomas Edison – Lighting – mechanical uses of electricity 4

5. Telephone Alexander Graham Bell – Telephone service 5

6. Reasons for the Rise and Prosperity of Big Business 6

7. 1. National markets created by transportation advances Manufacturers use railroads and canals to ship goods to markets all around the U.S. 7

8. 2. Captains of Industries 8 Andrew Carnegie John D. Rockefeller Cornelius Vanderbilt

9. Captains of Industry : John D. Rockefeller Oil Owned each step in the oil production process Took over rival companies and made them part of his trusts. 9

10. Captains of Industry : Andrew Carnegie Steel Priced steel below competitors Owned the world's largest industrial corporation - Carnegie Steel 10

11. Captains of Industry : Cornelius Vanderbilt Shipping Began building fortune with coast to coast shipping with steamships. Railroad Continued becoming a millionaire in railroad industry. 11

12. 3. Advertising Used to increase sales 12

13. 4. Lower Cost Production New technologies like assembly lines lowered the cost of making goods 13

14. Examples of Big Business 14

15. Industry? 15 Who? Cornelius Vanderbilt Railroads

16. Oil 16 Industry? Who? John D. Rockefeller

17. Steel 17 Industry? Who? Andrew Carnegie

18. Changes in Farm and City Life 18

19. Mechanization Reduced farm labor needs; increased production 19

20. Industrial Development in Cities Created increase need for more labor. 20

21. Industrialization Provided new access to consumer goods. (ex. mail order) 21

22. Growth of Industries 22

23. Factors that resulted in growth of industry 1.Access to raw materials and energy – Raw materials: An unprocessed natural product used to create a final product. Examples: oil, coal, wood 23

24. Factors that resulted in growth of industry 2.Availability of work force – Immigration – Movement of people from rural to urban areas. 24

25. Factors that resulted in growth of industry 3.Inventions – Electrification – Telephone – Lighting 25

26. Factors that resulted in growth of industry 4. Financial resources – Corporations Investors buy stocks in the company. Company uses money as needed. Investors receive a share of the profits- called dividends. – Banking Industry – Loaned millions of dollars to help industry grow 26

27. Negative Effects of Industrialization 27

28. 1.Child Labor 28

29. 2. Low wages, long hours 29

30. 3. Unsafe Working Conditions 30

31. Effects of Industrialization led to Rise of Organized Labor and other workplace reforms. 31

32. What is a Labor Union? Labor union: A group of workers that promotes and protects the welfare and rights of employees. 32

33. 1.Formation of unions Growth of American Federation of Labor A large organization made of many different unions Organized by Samuel Gompers 33

34. 2. Strikes How workers responded in order to get workplace reforms. Refusal to work until demands are met Homestead Strike 34

35. Homestead Strike Workers blamed for violent strike and their demands are not met. Membership decreased (from 24,000 to less than 6,000 members) Union lost power 35

36. Progressive Movement Workplace Reforms 36

37. 37 1. Improve Safety Conditions

38. 38 2. Reduced work hours

39. 39 3. Restrictions on Child Labor

40. Women’s Suffrage Movement 40

41. Words to Know 1.Suffrage: Right to vote 2.Suffragist: a man or woman who fought for a woman’s right to vote. 41

42. Effects of Women’s Suffrage 1.Increased educational opportunities 2.Attained the right to vote  19 th Amendment: guaranteed women the right to vote in all states. 42

43. Suffrage Leaders 43 Susan B. Anthony Elizabeth Cady Stanton Worked for women’s suffrage

44. 44

45. Temperance Movement 45

46. What was the Temperance Movement? Made up of groups that opposed to (against) the making and consuming of alcohol. 46

47. 18 th Amendment Prohibited (illegal) the manufacture, sale, and transport of alcoholic beverages. Start of era known as Prohibition 47