1. 6 Week industrial Training Presentation
AT 400 KV SUB-STATION,KAITHAL
Presented By –

2. INTRODUCTION ELECTRICAL SUB-STATIONS
Electric power is generated in Generating Stations. The voltage at which the power is generated in generating stations lies between 11KV to 25KV. This voltage is not suitable for bulk power transmission over long distances as it results in increased transmission line losses.
For reduces these losses the generated terminal voltage is stepped up to Transmission Voltage (Say, 132K.V./ 220 K.V. /400 K.V. and 765kv).

3. KAITHAL GRID SUB-STATION
Kaithal grid sub-station is completed during by CGL(crompten Grives Limited).The whole sub-station is divided in three parts 132kv,220kv and 400kv switchyard.For 400kv & 220kv swithyard a common control room is used and for 132kv switchyard a separate control room used.

4. MAIN EQUIPMENTS OF SUB STATION
Transformer :-
Substation bus (rigid or strain bus) :-
Switches (Vertical, side, center, double, etc. break):-
Switchgear :-
Bus Support Insulators :-
Suspension insulators :-
Wave Trapper:-
Lightning Arresters :-
Circuit Breakers :-
Isolators:-
Current transformers:-
Potential Transformers:-
Capacitors Bank:-
Other :-

5. TRANSFORMER
 A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductor-the transformer coils. A varying current in the first or primary winding creates a varying magnetic field through the secondary winding. The varying magnetic field induces a varying electromotive force (EMF)or voltage in the secondary winding . this effect is called mutual induction.

6. WAVE TRAPPER
Line trap also is known as Wave trap. What it does is trapping the high frequency communication signals sent on the line from the remote substation and diverting them to the telecom/teleportation panel in the substation control room (through coupling capacitor and LMU).

7. LIGHTHNING ARRESTOR
Surge Arrestor Is Used To Divert The Trasient Over Voltage Surges To Earth & Thus Protect the Sub Station Equipments From Ligthning And Switching Over Voltage Surges.

8. Circuit Breaker
A circuit breaker is an automatically-operated electrical switch.
In Simple Words, A C.B is an equipment which can open/close a circuit under all conditions i.e. no load, full load, fault conditions.

9. ISOLATOR
A disconnector or isolator switch is used to make sure that an electrical circuit can be completely de-energized for service or maintenance.
Earthing Switch Is Used To Discharge The Voltage On The Circuit To Earth For Safety

10. Current Transformers
A current transformer (CT) is used for the measurement of electric currents. When current in a circuit is too high to directly apply to measuring instruments, a current transformer produces a reduced current accurately proportional to the current in the circuit, which can be connected to measuring and recording instruments.

11. CAPACITOR BANK
Capacitor banks can improve the power factor if the load is leading, which is unusual. Typically in substations capacitor banks are employed to reduce over voltage.
Shunt capacitor banks are used to improve the quality of the electrical supply and the efficient operation of the power system. Studies show that a flat voltage profile on the system can

12. VIEW OF CONTROL PANEL

13. EARTHING SYSTEM Purpose of earthing……
Safety of the living beings around the vicinty of the substation
Proper functioning of the protection system under fault condition
To limit the touch and step potential within tolerable limits

14. THANK YOU