1. Conjugating Latin Verbs Imperfect and Future Tenses
Latin I
Grammar Lesson

2. Review of Terms 1st P.P: 1st person singular, present tense
2nd P.P. present infinitive; present stem
3rd P.P. 1st person singular, perfect tense; perfect active stem
4th P.P. perfect passive participle

3. The Formula to Present System
Basic formula to form present tense
Pres. Stem + Tense Sign + Personal Endings
Present Stem formed by removing the “re” from the 2nd P.P.
amo, amāre, amavi, amatus – a, um
amāre (-) “re”  ama-
Present Stem = amā

4. Forming the Present Stem
Find the present stem for the following verbs
navigo, navigāre, navigavi, navigatus– a, um
laudo, laudāre, laudavi, laudatus – a, um
dono, donāre, donavi, donatus– a, um
nuntio, nuntiāre, nuntiavi, nuntiatus– a, um

5. The Tenses…
Imperfect Tense – indicates a past action not yet completed
Tense Sign = “ba”
Translation = was/were…

6. The Tenses… Future Tense – indicates an action yet to occur
Tense Sign = “bo/bi/bu”
Translation = shall/will

7. Personal Endings Singular -o/m (I) -s (you) -t (he, she, it) Plural
-mus (we)
-tis (y’all)
-nt (they)

8. First Conjugation Verbs: Imperfect Tense
amo, amāre, amavi, amatus – a, um
Present Stem = amā-
Present Stem + ba + Personal Endings
ama+ba+m amā+ba+mus
amā+ba+s amā+ba+tis
amā+ba+t amā+ba+nt

9. Imperfect Tense English Translation English Helping Verbs: “was/were”
amabam I was loving
amabas you were loving
amabat she was loving
amabamus we were loving
amabatis y’all were loving
amabant they were loving

10. First Conjugation Verbs: Future Tense
amo, amāre, amavi, amatus – a, um
Stem = amā-
Present Stem + bo/bi/bu + Pers. Endings
ama+bo amā+bi+mus
amā+bi+s amā+bi+tis
amā+bi+t amā+bu+nt

11. Future Tense English Translation English Helping Verbs: “shall/will”
amabo I shall love
amabis you will love
amabit she will love
amabimus we shall love
amabitis y’all will love
amabunt they will love