1. Why are capillaries an important part of the circulatory system? Why are capillaries an important part of the circulatory system?

2. Blood Transports Gases Between Lungs and Tissues

3. I. Human Respiratory System A. Functions: 1. Takes up oxygen from air and supplies it to blood 2. Removal of carbon dioxide from blood

6. I. Human Respiratory System A. Components: 1. Pathway of Inhaled Air: u Nasal cavity (Nose) u Pharynx (Throat) u Larynx (Voice Box) u Trachea (Windpipe) u Bronchi u Bronchioles u Alveoli (Site of gas exchange) 2. Exhaled air follows reverse pathway.

11. II. Breathing: Supplies our lungs with oxygen and expels carbon dioxide. A. Inhalation: Diaphragm contracts, moving downward and causing rib cage, chest cavity, and lungs to expand. B. Exhalation: Diaphragm relaxes, moving upwards and causing rib cage, chest cavity, and lungs to contract.

13. III.Hemoglobin is the protein enzyme found in red blood cells Functions:  Transports oxygen  Transport carbon dioxide

14. Hemoglobin Loading and Unloading of Oxygen

15. Summary Answer aim question in 2-3 sentences Answer aim question in 2-3 sentences

17. III. Diseases of the Respiratory System In one day, an average human: In one day, an average human:  Breathes 20,000 times  Inhales 35 pounds of air Breathing contaminated air can cause a number of diseases including asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, and lung cancer. Breathing contaminated air can cause a number of diseases including asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, and lung cancer.

20. Diseases of the Respiratory System Respiratory rate: 10 to 14 inhalations/minute. Respiratory rate: 10 to 14 inhalations/minute. In one day, an average human: In one day, an average human:  Breathes 20,000 times  Inhales 35 pounds of air Most of us breathe in air that is heavily contaminated with solid particles, ozone, sulfur oxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and many other damaging chemicals. Most of us breathe in air that is heavily contaminated with solid particles, ozone, sulfur oxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and many other damaging chemicals. Breathing contaminated air can cause a number of diseases including asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, and lung cancer. Breathing contaminated air can cause a number of diseases including asthma, bronchitis, emphysema, and lung cancer.

21. Diseases of the Respiratory System Cigarette smoke is one of the worse air pollutants. Cigarette smoke is one of the worse air pollutants.  Over 1 million people start smoking every year.  Kills about 350,000 people every year in U.S.  Contains 4000 different chemicals.  Each cigarette smoked subtracts about 5 minutes from life expectancy.  Cigarette smoke paralyzes cilia in airways, preventing them from removing debris and from protecting delicate alveoli.  Frequent coughing is the only way airways can clean themselves.  Cigarette smoke also causes fetal damage, which can result in miscarriage, premature birth, low birth weight, and poor development.

22. Diseases of the Respiratory System Asthma: Condition in which breathing is impaired by constriction of bronchi and bronchioles, cough, and thick mucus secretions. The severity and incidence of asthma has risen dramatically in recent years, especially in children. May be fatal if not treated. Asthma: Condition in which breathing is impaired by constriction of bronchi and bronchioles, cough, and thick mucus secretions. The severity and incidence of asthma has risen dramatically in recent years, especially in children. May be fatal if not treated. Causes: Attacks may be precipitated by inhalation of allergens (e.g.: pollen, cats, and cockroach proteins), pollutants, infection, or emotional stress. Treatment: Alleviates symptoms (e.g.: immuno-suppressors, bronchodilators), but is not a cure.

23. Diseases of the Respiratory System Bronchitis: Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchi. May present with cough, fever, chest or back pain, and fatigue. Bronchitis: Inflammation of the mucous membranes of the bronchi. May present with cough, fever, chest or back pain, and fatigue. Causes: Associated with smoking, pollution, and bacterial or viral infections. Pneumonia: Acute inflammation of the lungs. Symptoms include high fever, chills, headache, cough, and chest pain. Pneumonia: Acute inflammation of the lungs. Symptoms include high fever, chills, headache, cough, and chest pain. Causes: Bacterial, fungal, or viral infections. Treatment: Antibiotics or other antimicrobials.

24. Diseases of the Respiratory System Emphysema: Permanent and irreversible destruction of alveolar walls, resulting in loss of lung elasticity and gas exchange surface. Emphysema: Permanent and irreversible destruction of alveolar walls, resulting in loss of lung elasticity and gas exchange surface. Symptoms include shortness of breath, difficulty exhaling, cough, weakness, anxiety, confusion, heart failure, lung edema (swelling), and respiratory failure. Causes: Smoking, pollution, old age, and infections. Treatment: Oxygen to help breathing. No cure.

25. Diseases of the Respiratory System Lung Cancer: Cancerous growth that invades and destroys lung tissue. Very high fatality rate. Lung Cancer: Cancerous growth that invades and destroys lung tissue. Very high fatality rate. Symptoms include bloody sputum, persistent cough, difficulty breathing, chest pain, and repeated attacks of bronchitis or pneumonia. Causes: Smoking (50% of all cases) and pollution (radon, asbestos). Smokers are 10 times more likely to develop lung cancer than nonsmokers. Treatment: Surgery is most effective, but only 50% of all lung cancers are operable by time of detection. Other treatments include radiation and chemotherapy.

27. Human Fetus Exchanges Gases with Mother’s Blood through the Placenta