1. STUSH CH. 5.2- MOVING TO THE CITY

2. THE RISE OF CITIES: URBAN 1. Immigrants played a huge role in City growth. In NYC, Detroit, and Chicago immigrants and their children made up more than 80% of the population in those cities. 2. Industrialization made farm work easier, and fewer workers were needed to work the farms 3. African Americans from the south moved to cities to avoid racism, persecution, and poverty. Many left the farms and moved North to work in industrial jobs

3. LIVING Many immigrants lived in tenements, in which several families rented rooms in one house. By the late 1800’s, these tenements became SLUMS Slums – poor, run-down urban neighborhood.

5. LIVING CTD Three, four, or more people lived in each room. One toilet and sink per building. There was usually only cold water. In some of the bad tenements, children filled every space, door opening, window sill, just to find a space to sleep

6. LIVING – THE MIDDLE CLASS Middle class people lived comfortable in the growing suburbs. Middle Class were usually: doctors, lawyers, ministers, teachers Suburbs started to become more common because of the increases in transportation allowed people to travel faster. Ex: street cars, subways, trains. Suburbs usually had hot water, indoor toilets, and electricity by 1900. Wealthier people had servants to handle housework.

8. TROUBLES IN CITIES The sudden growth in the cities provided major health problems Garbage and horse manure covered the streets Sewer systems were not big enough Disease spread rapidly Fire (Great Chicago Fire of 1871 destroyed almost 18,000 buildings)

11. PROBLEMS IN CITIES CTD The poverty led to sections of the city with diseases. (whooping cough, diphtheria, or measles) The poverty also led to crime. Many orphans resorted to picking pockets and other small crimes to get money for their next meal. Gangs started to form

12. SOLUTIONS YMCA ( Young Men’s Christian Association ) set up rec centers for children to play. Settlement Houses provided medical care, playgrounds, nurseries, libraries, and English classes to people in poor neighborhoods. Ex. Hull House in Chicago (Founded by Jane Addams )

13. THE CHANGING CITY By the late 1800’s it was now possible to build taller buildings. New iron and steel supports, along with the newly invented elevator, made it possible to build taller buildings. A ten story office building in Chicago was the worlds largest skyscraper. New York's Woolworth building was built in 1917, soared to 55 stories high.

15. CITY LIFE Large parks were developed. ex: Central Park in NYC. The world’s fair was hosted by Chicago in 1892 and 1893, and architectures around the world were amazed at American design. The same time, the fair allowed American architects to use foreign designs on new buildings.

17. TRANSPORTATION In 1867, streetcars were pulled by horses. Mark Twain complained that the city was too large to accomplish anything in one day. Horses were slow and left piles of manure. In 1873 San Francisco developed cable car lines. In 1888, Richmond, VA pioneered trolley cars, a motorized train powered by electricity.

19. TRANSPORTATION In 1897 Boston developed an underground railroad system (Subway) First subway in US In 1904 NYC began construction on its own subway, which would be the largest subway in the world. Bridges were built as well to make it easier for travel (Brooklyn Bridge).