1. Queen Elizabeth at Tilbury http://www.luminarium.org/renlit/elizabethtilbury.jpg

2. “My loving people,” Addresses the audience, the soldiers gathered at Tilbury Tone: affectionate, almost maternal The adjective “loving” modifies “people”—she is recognizing their affection for her Also combines with other things to encourage the troops to rise to that expectation

3. “ We have been persuaded by some that are careful of our safety, to take heed how we commit our selves to armed multitudes, for fear of treachery...” She states the situation in a matter-of-fact tone: Advisors concerned about the queen recommend that she be careful about declaring war because her own soldiers might turn on her.

4. “... but I assure you I do not desire to live to distrust my faithful and loving people.” Contrast: between what they suggest and what she thinks (ethos) Rather die than not trust them Repeats idea of them being loving and adds in the idea of loyalty—hopes they will live up to her expectations (Pathos: Could cause them to feel guilt for letting her down).

5. “Let tyrants fear, I have always so behaved myself that, under God, I have placed my chiefest strength and safeguard in the loyal hearts and good-will of my subjects...” Contrast: tyrants vs. herself (ethos) (She has no reason to fear treachery because she has been a good, fair queen of the people.) God is her priority—then the people. She puts her faith in Him first, then in them. (ethos, pathos) Repetitive idea: loyal and good men—they should rise to that expectation (pathos)

6. “... and therefore I am come amongst you, as you see, at this time, not for my recreation and disport, but being resolved, in the midst and heat of the battle, to live and die amongst you all... ” Repeats “amongst” and uses “midst”—all emphasizing her presence as part of the crowd, one of them (unity, humbles herself) Shift in tone: determined, serious, willing, brave Situation: life and death matter

7. all; to lay down for my God, and for my kingdom, and my people, my honour and my blood, even in the dust. Parallel structure of reasons for entering battle: God (religious appeal—ethos, pathos) and kingdom (patriotic appeal), and people (draws them in on a personal level). Parallel structure of what she is willing to risk: lay down “my honour and my blood.” (Ethos, but also pathos—they should also be willing to commit themselves. Would feel shame, otherwise)

8. “I know I have the body but of a weak and feeble woman; but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and of a king of England too...” Uses imagery to address a possible objection—they don’t want to be led by a woman. She acknowledges her physical limitation. Contrast: just as strong as any man, even a king of England, when it comes to patriotism and commitment. Tone: confident, proud, strong

9. “... and think foul scorn that Parma or Spain, or any prince of Europe, should dare to invade the borders of my realm... “ Tone: Strong, protective, forceful Turns attention toward the enemy—hoping men will join her in her determination to protect the kingdom (and their queen) from these foul beings.

10. ; to which rather than any dishonour shall grow by me, I myself will take up arms, I myself will be your general, judge, and rewarder of every one of your virtues in the field. Contrast: dishonorable vs honorable: fight Parallel structure: what action she will take Additional motivation: they will receive personal reward from her... if they act honorably and fight. Tone: determined, confident, ready to act A true leader, willing to do it all—including rewarding them for following her lead.

11. “I know already, for your forwardness you have deserved rewards and crowns; and We do assure you in the word of a prince, they shall be duly paid you.” Logos, Pathos: appreciated already but will be rewarded for their efforts Tone: appreciative, understanding

12. In the mean time, my lieutenant general shall be in my stead, than whom never prince commanded a more noble or worthy subject She will not actually fight with them—she will be represented by her Lt. General, a very capable soldier. (She credits him to get them to put their trust in him, to support him.)

13. ; not doubting but by your obedience to my general, by your concord in the camp, and your valour in the field, Parallel Structure: admirable traits of soldiers Pathos: by speaking of their obedience, concord (unanimous agreement) and valor (personal bravery and strength of mind), she compliments them while encouraging them to live up to that expectation (They would probably feel guilty, otherwise.)

14. “... we shall shortly have a famous victory over those enemies of my God, of my kingdom, and of my people.” Confident, upbeat tone: seems sure they will win due to the troops’ great qualities Parallel list at the end gives final reminder of why they are fighting—threat to God, England and all of them. (Pathos: appeals to their religious and patriotic feelings as well as their concern for themselves and their families.)