1. Benchmark Review Day 1 Read through Slides 1-15 Do practice questions using the slides as needed.

2. Element Box https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwji_7LWva3LAhXIcj4KHdqABgIQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cliffsnotes.com%2Fstudy- guides%2Fchemistry%2Fchemistry%2Felements%2Fthe-periodic-table&psig=AFQjCNENChcVLJDf0pyDIQN-6am7vmOmQQ&ust=1457402521580274 = # protons = # electrons = # protons plus #neutrons

3. At omic structure Nucleus is made protons (+) and neutrons (neutral). Electrons (-) orbit the nucleus. http://www.chem4kids.com/files/atom_structure.html

4. Valence Electrons Electrons in the outer shell can be shown by Bohr model or Lewis Dot. https://www.google.com/search?q=bohr+model&rlz=1C1CHVN_enNG654NG654&espv=2&biw=1366&bih=659&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjJluy3iavLAhXpmIMKHbEDDBYQ_AUIBigB#imgrc=YTu1hGF4B--zKM%3A

5. Periodic Table also tells number of Valence Electrons

6. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwien8GmjavLAhVBFT4KHetJDwEQjRwIBw&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dc74 kJW4KoKA&psig=AFQjCNGd5vOKrs27Zq-Y1-aUsVk7xMPoxQ&ust=1457320768664641

7. Element or Compound? https://www.google.com/search?q=compounds&rlz=1C1CHVN_enNG654NG654&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjn4PGxkKvLAhUDsYMKHcteA24Q_AUIBygB&biw=1366&bih=659#tbm=isch&q=water+compounds&imgrc=TcQ1RuOaOaijsM%3A

8. Atoms, elements, and compounds are found in living and non-living things. Cells are found in only living things but are made up of molecules.

9. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwiymfWxjqvLAhWCMz4KHREHAQEQjRwIBw&url=h ttps%3A%2F%2Fwww.tes.com%2Flessons%2FciVH3xIB9HFPfA%2Fchapter-15- review&bvm=bv.116274245,d.amc&psig=AFQjCNGcKpqZOU68KDVXSCDsl5X1sYCqdQ&ust=1457321040814537 Homogeneous or Heterogeneous? https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjR8YCqj6vLAhWIbz4KHaNmAAEQjRwIBw&url=https%3A%2F% 2Falcascience6a.wikispaces.com%2F2.3%2BKinds%2Bof%2Bmatter&bvm=bv.116274245,d.amc&psig=AFQjCNGcKpqZOU68KDVXSCDsl5X1sYCqdQ&ust=145732104081453 7 MIXTURES

10. States of Matter As heat energy is added, molecules move faster and farther apart. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad= rja&uact=8&ved=&url=http%3A%2F%2Fsciencematteis.blogspot.com%2F2015%2 F08%2Fagenda-task-1-padlet-activity-you- will.html&psig=AFQjCNEFJtQc6IfOTLNwdk9oCqRvHtnPeQ&ust=14573228889093 34

11. Law of conservation of mass Mass is never lost or created. 2Na +2H 2 0  NaOH + H 2 Si 2 H 3 + 0 2  SiO 2 + H 2 0 4Fe +3O 2  2Fe 2 O 3

12. Physical Changes Appearance changes but still the same substance. State of matter or shape change Chemical Changes Substance becomes something new. Paper burns to be smoke and ash

13. Chemical Changes roast, bake, cook, fry bubbles (gas) form gets cloudy and precipitate forms heat produced color changes smell or taste change light formed

14. Physical properties describe what you use your sense for. (shape, state of matter, texture, malleable) Chemical properties describe things you have to test to find out if there is a reaction. (Is it flammable or magnetic? Does it react or rust?)

15. Periodic Table Groups (columns ) share properties. Left most group is most reactive. Noble gases (group on right) are stable (inert) -least likely to react. Metals are ductile (made into wires), malleable (can be bent and flattened), conduct electricity, on left of table. Metalloids (stair step line)-properties of non-metals and metals

16. Food Energy Food is a substance that provides energy and building materials for growth and survival of all types of organisms.

17. What is the original source of all energy?

18. THE SUN https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUK EwjJs4Xa_a_LAhWF1h4KHag3DlsQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnewst opics%2Fhowaboutthat%2F11310883%2FThe-baby-from-Teletubbies-reveals- herself.html&psig=AFQjCNEC9bnBBspy4ji5CR0yTZIK3R93zA&ust=1457488439268186

19. How do plants get their food? https://www. google.com/i mgres?imgurl =http://netod d.com/wp- content/uplo ads/2011/08/ Have-You- Ever- Encountered- A- Carnivorous- Plant- 01.jpg&imgre furl=http://n etodd.com/a nimals/have- you-ever- encountered- a- carnivorous- plant/&h=40 0&w=620&tb nid=k0NDO6S tUHolrM:&do cid=1arLtw6y 4NXxeM&ei=f zDeVuTlEMSu jgSNkbGwCw &tbm=isch&v ed=0ahUKEwi koYi8_a_LAh VEl4MKHY1ID LYQMwhpKEI wQg

20. https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://thumbs.dreamstime.com/z/photosynthesis- 24418002.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.dreamstime.com/illustration/photosynthesis.html&h=1130&w=1300&tbnid=7aIqjNvhTShQ5M:&d ocid=F4gQyCXmOXEa1M&ei=MDPeVsL5MYTNmwG9ua7QAg&tbm=isch&ved=0ahUKEwjC0e6EgLDLAhWE5iYKHb2cCyoQMwiTAShXMFc PHOTOSYNTHESIS CHLOROPLAST - chlorophyll is needed to absorb sunlight. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjO9bX7hbDLAhWD9R4KHYLOCxwQjRwIBw&url=https%3A%2F %2Fwww.thinglink.com%2Fscene%2F749665632189939712&psig=AFQjCNFfob6DIXpwHEdVV2m8--mvvzizKg&ust=1457490637305046

21. How do animals and other organisms get food? Food Sources: PROTEIN CARBOHYDRATES LIPIDS (FATS) ( EACH CAN BE BROKEN DOWN TO GLUCOSE DURING DIGESTION ) https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://img.aws.livestrongcdn.com/ls- 1200x630/cme/cme_public_images/www_livestrong_com/photos.demandstudios.com/getty/article/225 /136/499534149_XS.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.livestrong.com/article/535491-what-is-the-main- component-of-protein-that-differs-from-carbs-and- fats/&h=630&w=1200&tbnid=YKrEz2hwaRKkBM:&docid=AN2xWxb3aszMvM&ei=0jbeVqWXAYLWmwG5- YTgBw&tbm=isch&ved=0ahUKEwilyPi_g7DLAhUC6yYKHbk8AXw4rAIQMwgjKCAwIA

22. Protein 1 gram protein = 4 calories Protein is used for repair and building of tissue.

23. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0ahUKEwjmkMHYh7DLAhXIsh4KHZobAqAQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nutrients review.com%2Fproteins&bvm=bv.116274245,d.amc&psig=AFQjCNEqcDCD6YhCO0miJ9sv6b_NXkMj7w&ust=1457491011809743

24. Carbohydrates 1 gram= 4 calories Carbohydrates like simple sugars (glucose) give us energy the fastest.

25. https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjAptaOirDLAhXBJR4KHdVLCMwQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2 Fjeanetteparadis.blogspot.com%2F2014%2F08%2Fcomplex-carbs-vs-simple-carbs.html&psig=AFQjCNHMV-a_rdQ-I7y5xyl67DHxuO7KfA&ust=1457491683336735 https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://cdn2- b.examiner.com/sites/default/files/styles/image_content_width/hash/41/4a/414aa8658193d08004e613f1d9fcf327.jpg%253Fitok%253D- c_wqoa_&imgrefurl=http://www.examiner.com/article/the-quest-continues-a-scientific-view-of-carbohydrates&h=350&w=534&tbnid=L6- KwPNNzmqZSM:&docid=0erfonKeaPEVJM&ei=QD7eVqrKHIrwjgSjqrpo&tbm=isch&ved=0ahUKEwiq6ozLirDLAhUKuIMKHSOVDAg04ZBAzCC8oLDAs https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https://biochemchica.files.wordpress.com/2013/02/fruits1.jpg&imgrefurl=https://biochemchica.wordpress.com/ 2013/02/16/carbohydrates- png/&h=177&w=284&tbnid=wGokMAy9pcJMJM:&docid=YR7zsL4W_irTkM&ei=QD7eVqrKHIrwjgSjqrpo&tbm=isch&ved=0ahUKEwiq6ozLirDLAhUKuIMKHS OVDg04ZBAzCDMoMDAw

26. LIPIDS (FATS) 1 gram = 9 calories Have the most energy.

27. https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.nutrientsreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/High-fat- foods.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.nutrientsreview.com/lipids/fats.html&h=444&w=650&tbnid=iwhXQB8_4pwg6M:&docid=ywE5aXodDz- GSM&ei=ZkDeVvnELIPHmwGpnaCYAQ&tbm=isch&ved=0ahUKEwj5j77RjLDLAhWD4yYKHakOCBMQMwg_KA8wDw https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https://komennorthflorida.files.wordpress.com/2015/01/lipids.jpg&imgrefurl=http://komennorthfloridablog.org/2015/01/&h=3 10&w=304&tbnid=OxBFGfsiAT- FFM:&docid=fcY9GWVyxsXiaM&ei=ZkDeVvnELIPHmwGpnaCYAQ&tbm=isch&ved=0ahUKEwj5j77RjLDLAhWD4yYKHakOCBMQMwgxKAEwAQ

28. How do ALL organisms get energy? The glucose is used in the process of cellular respiration in the mitochondria to produce energy (called ATP). https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.biology-questions-and-answers.com/images/Cell- Respiration.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.biology-questions-and-answers.com/cell- respiration.html&h=3444&w=5000&tbnid=6ylkxANtlVgY2M:&docid=pDkiruZLtRLUzM&ei=7zfeVrHJKYetjgTS4KP4CQ&tbm=isch& ved=0ahUKEwjx_JPIhLDLAhWHloMKHVLwCJ8QMwhsKDAwMA

29. WATER, VITAMINS, and MINERALS DO NOT PROVIDE ENERGY.

30. CELLULAR RESPIRATION (Occurs in plants and animals) FOOD MOLECULES FROM THE CHLOROPLAST (PLANTS) or DIGESTIVE SYSTEM (animals) ENTER THE CELL THROUGH THE PLASMA (CELL) MEMBRANE AND ARE USED IN THE MITOCHONDRIA https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://andresjacosta.weebly.com/uploads/4/7/3/8/47387637/1417286.jpg%253F329&imgrefurl=http://andresjacosta.weebly.c om/how-cellular-respiration-breaks-down-food-and-releases-carbon- dioxide.html&h=213&w=328&tbnid=r5Beh2fzzRNa9M:&docid=Wzt6Az4aCAEWIM&ei=P0PeVt_eDIf4jgT77LVY&tbm=isch&ved=0ahUKEwif- uysj7DLAhUHvIMKHXt2DQs4ZBAzCA0oCjAK

31. Cellular Respiration https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwjNnITakLDLAhXE1B4KHfpaAfgQjRwIBw&url=http%3A%2F%2F study.com%2Facademy%2Flesson%2Fwhat-is-respiration-definition-process-equation.html&psig=AFQjCNHiiNXlBQsl4akMXmHEENSa2BABcg&ust=1457493395636058

32. ENERGY BALANCE- Caloric intake (what you eat) equals that used. When do we gain weight? When do we lose weight?

33. We gain weight when we take in more calories than we burn. We lose weight when we burn more calories than we take in.

36. Limiting factor- any biotic or abiotic factor that restricts the existence of organisms in a specific environment Density dependent-food, predators Density independent-hurricane

37. Bio Biome LIVING and NON-LIVING ALL POPULATIONS ALL INDIVIDUALS OF A SPECIES LIVING PARTS OF EARTH

55. pathogens

56. bacteria

57. viruses

58. fungus

59. Energy pyramids

60. Food chains

61. Food webs

62. Competition and population relationships

63. Predator prey

64. symbiosis

65. bioremediation

66. Genetic modification

67. Cross breeding selective breeding

68. Biotechnology careers

69. Biotechnology in Medicine Energy agriculture Biomass used to produce fuels Insulin production in bacteria Crop yield increase Disease resistant crops

70. Evidences of changing Earth