1. ISS - SID - WPF POPULATION, MIGRATION AND URBANISATION Nigel Harris (UCL) Discussant: Mahmood Messkoub (ISS) ISS - 14 May 09 1

2. 2 - INTERNAL MIGRATION : LDCS -SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC INTEGRATION: ROLE OF MIGRATION -MIGRATION AND ECONOMIC GROWTH -BUT! PANIC OVER SHANTY TOWNS: ‘WE WANT THEIR LABOUR NOT THEM!’

3. 3 - MIGRATION -Labour OR Labourer? -PEOPLE MIGRATE! CULTURAL HERITAGE OR CULTURAL BAGGAGE?

4. 4 - INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION: GLOBALISATION Globalisation and : -Goods Markets (trade liberalisation) -Financial Markets (capital market liberalisation) -Labour Markets: Transfer of production (labour costs) Transfer of people/workers (limited) -Non-tradable: Services (health/care, domestic, hospitality) and Construction

5. 5. ISSUES AT DESTINATION -Demographic shift Ageing and labour supply Old dependency ratio (finance and care) -Labour market issues Labour Demand: Labour intensive care sector Skill shortages (basic trades, IT, finance,R&D) - BRAIN GAIN

6. 6. ISSUES AT ORIGIN - Brain-Drain (Origin) and Brain-Gain (Destination) Replenishing skilled migrant labour? Up to 10 - 15 % feasible if Capacity to Train (e.g. compare India and Ghana) N.B. Subsidy to destination country. Need to compensate origin country. -Remittances (5 - 10 % GDP)

7. 7. Policy I - Immigration Control vs Management Example EU: -EU Migration Policy? No! -Migration Control? Yes! From Border Line to Border Land -EU Directives (or recommendations) on: Admission for economic reasons Family reunification Permanent residency for continuous residents -Implementation left to member states (SLOW!).

8. 8. Policy II - Immigration: Security vs Labour Market -Ministries: Justice, Interior (Police), Defense. Criminalisation of Immigration (Trafficking?) -Immigration as a Labour Market Issue.

9. 9. Policy III: Short Term vs Medium/Long Term Short Term -Legalisation of status (amnesty for illegals) -Regularisation of status (e.g. residency permit) -Access to welfare and education Medium/Long Term -Family reunion -Political Rights -Welfare and social security rights -Link immigration to labor market needs? (‘temporary’ migration and ‘guest’ worker issues )