1. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Chapter 9-1 and 9-2 ESSENTIAL QUESTION: How did Thomas Jefferson expand our government and our nation? Election of 1800, Jefferson, and the Louisiana Purchase

2. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Describe the outcome of the election of 1800. Explain Jefferson’s policies as President. Discuss the importance of Marbury v. Madison. Objectives

3. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Terms and People Thomas Jefferson – third President of the United States, elected in 1800 Aaron Burr – Jefferson’s running mate in the 1800 election; Thomas Jefferson’s Vice President laissez faire – the idea that the government should not interfere in the economy John Marshall – Chief Justice of the Supreme Court under President Jefferson judicial review – the authority of the Supreme Court to get rid of unconstitutional laws

4. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. How did Jefferson chart a new course for the government? In 1800, President John Adams ran for reelection against Thomas Jefferson. Federalists supported John Adams. Republicans supported Thomas Jefferson.

5. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. By receiving 73 electoral votes, Jefferson defeated Adams. Federalists threatened civil war if Jefferson were elected. Republicans accused John Adams of wanting to create a monarchy. The election of 1800 was viciously contested.

6. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Jefferson Thomas Jefferson - 73 VotesAaron Burr - 73 Votes The House of Representatives had to break the tie when the Presidential candidates got the same number of votes. They voted for Jefferson to be President and Burr to be Vice President. However, Jefferson and his running mate, Aaron Burr, received the same number of votes.

7. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. To avoid this situation in the future, Congress passed the Twelfth Amendment. Twelfth Amendment From 1804 on, electors would vote separately for President and Vice President.

8. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Jefferson was the first President to be inaugurated in Washington, D.C., the new capital. In his inaugural address, Jefferson urged all Americans to unite. Jefferson chose a less aristocratic ceremony. In the past: The President rode to the inauguration in a fancy carriage. People bowed to the President. At Jefferson’s inauguration: Jefferson walked to the ceremony. People did not bow. They shook Jefferson’s hand.

9. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Jefferson thought of his election as the “Revolution of 1800.” His first goal was to limit the power of the federal government. Jefferson vowed to change many of the policies of George Washington and John Adams. He believed in the idea of laissez faire, from the French term for “let alone.” – the government should not interfere in the economy

10. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Jefferson created new Republican policies and kept some existing Federalist policies. RepublicanFederalist

11. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Jefferson also targeted the Sedition Act, which he had long opposed. Many people had been convicted and fined under the act. Others had been imprisoned. Jefferson ordered the fines refunded. Jefferson released the prisoners.

12. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. 9-2 Louisiana Purchase

13. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Terms and People expedition – a long and carefully organized journey Meriwether Lewis – army captain chosen by Jefferson to lead the exploration of the West William Clark – Lewis’s coleader continental divide – the place on the continent that separates river systems flowing in opposite directions Zebulon Pike – explored the southern part of the Louisiana Territory from 1805–1807

14. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. What was the importance of the purchase and exploration of the Louisiana Territory? The tide of westward settlement sped up in the years after America’s independence. By 1800, more than one million settlers lived between the Appalachian Mountains and the Mississippi River.

15. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Farmers shipped goods down the Mississippi to the port of New Orleans. Most western settlers were farmers who relied on the Mississippi River. From there, goods were loaded on ships and carried to markets across the Atlantic.

16. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Spain, which controlled the Mississippi River and New Orleans, threatened to close the port to American ships. Pinckney Treaty This treaty with Spain guaranteed the right of Americans to ship goods down the Mississippi River to New Orleans. To prevent this, the United States negotiated the Pinckney Treaty with Spain in 1795.

17. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Americans demanded war with Spain. Later, after the treaty had been signed, Spain withdrew the right of Americans to ship goods through New Orleans.

18. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Jefferson feared that France would become dominant in America, as it was becoming in Europe. If that happened, westward expansion of the United States would be blocked. French territory To make matters worse, Jefferson learned that Spain had secretly given its Louisiana Territory to France.

19. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Jefferson decided to try to buy New Orleans from the French. He ordered James Monroe and Robert Livingston to make a deal in Paris. They soon discovered that the situation had shifted yet again.

20. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Without Haiti, France would have trouble defending Louisiana in the event of a war. The French had been driven from their colony on Haiti by a slave revolt.

21. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Also, war between France and Britain was still going on. Napoleon needed money for the war. BritainFrance

22. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Because of France’s situation, Monroe and Livingston received a surprising offer. France offered to sell the entire Louisiana Territory to the United States. France sold the land for 3cents per acre ($15 million dollars) Louisiana New Orleans

23. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Jefferson hesitated to approve the purchase. In the end, Jefferson decided that the purchase was constitutional because the President is able to make treaties with foreign countries. Was it constitutional?

24. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. After buying the Louisiana Territory in 1803, Thomas Jefferson was eager to have it explored and mapped.

25. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. In 1803, Jefferson convinced Congress to fund a western expedition. Meriwether Lewis He chose two army officers to lead the exploration. William Clark

26. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Goals of the western expedition Report back on the natural features of the region. Look for a waterway from the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean. Make contact with Native Americans.

27. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Lewis and Clark left St. Louis in the spring of 1804 and explored the northern part of the Louisiana Territory.

28. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Lewis and Clark’s expedition lasted for more than two years. July 1804August 1804October 1804 The party reached the mouth of the Platte River, which feeds into the Missouri River. The expedition followed the Missouri River from St. Louis to the Rocky Mountains.

29. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. July 1804August 1804October 1804 They met with Native Americans for the first time. The Americans promised to give the tribes military support and trading rights in exchange for peace.

30. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. July 1804August 1804October 1804 They camped in what is now North Dakota for the winter. They were joined by Sacagawea, a Shoshone translator.

31. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. August 1805November 1805March 1806 The party reached the continental divide. They did not find a waterway to the Pacific. Instead, they had to navigate rapids in their canoes.

32. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. August 1805November 1805March 1806 They reached the Pacific Ocean by way of the Columbia River. They began the return journey, which took about half a year.

33. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. The journey of Lewis and Clark led many Americans to feel a sense of duty to expand west.

34. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. From 1805 to 1807, Zebulon Pike explored the southern part of the Louisiana Territory.

35. TEKS 8C: Calculate percent composition and empirical and molecular formulas. Pike returned home through Spanish New Mexico. Pike’s reports increased U.S. interest in the region. Pike headed west to the Rocky Mountains. Partway up a mountain, he was forced to turn back. Today, this mountain is known as Pike’s Peak. Rocky Mountains Pike’s Peak