2. Essential Idea Conflicts in the Middle East are ongoing and a product of multiple factors.

3. Israel Claims on the Holy Lands:  Jews- 3,000 years Jewish kings ruled from Jerusalem  Zionists- people who favor a Jewish homeland in Palestine  Palestinians- Land belonged to them since AD 135 when Jews were driven out  Formerly part of Ottoman Empire, after WWI becomes mandate of Britain after WWI  Arabs- Conquest of the area in 7 th century

4. Creation of Israel 1947 Partition: Creation of independent Arab and Jewish states with Jerusalem to be an international city Who voted against partition: ALL Islamic countries and Palestinians 1948: Creation of Israel

5. Events: Arab-Israeli Wars (1948, 1956, 1967, 1973) Result #1: Several hundred thousand Jews living in Arab lands move to Israel Result #2: Israel sized ½ the land the UN set aside for Palestine in 1948/49 fight

6. Result #3: 600,000 Palestinians flee fighting, settling in refugee camps (some would be permanent)

7. Result #4: Egypt seizes the Gaza Strip and Jordan annexes the West Bank- both Palestinian lands

8. Palestine loses more territory The event: 6 Day War (1967) Who’s fighting: Israel attacks Egypt, Jordan, Iraq, and Syria The Consequences: Israel gains control of Jerusalem, the Sinai Peninsula, Golan Heights, and the West bank

9. PLO The Organization: Palestine Liberation Organization Led by: Yasir Arafat Path to success: armed fighting

10. Efforts at peace The Agreement: Camp David Accords (1979) Outcome: Egypt recognizes Israel as a state, Israel will give Sinai Peninsula back to Egypt Significance: Ends 30 years of hostility

11. Efforts at peace The Agreement: Oslo Peace Accords (1993) Outcome: Israel agrees to grant Palestinians self rule in Gaza Strip and West Bank Conflict in Israel and Palestine Crash Course

12. Afghanistan Background:  1919- established independence (from Russia and Britain)  Neutral at the start of the Cold War  1973- military leaders overthrow the government

13. A Rebellion What happened: 1978, a rival group with strong ties to the Soviet Union take control The problem: Many Afghans felt communism conflicts with Islam The opposition: Mujahedeen

14. Soviet War in Afghanistan Soviets: Step in to secure government U.S.: Provides support to Mujahedeen Result: Soviets stuck in a decade-long war (much like U.S./Vietnam) Soviet Withdrawal: War is unwinnable and problems at home are increasing

15. Battle for Control of Afghanistan Post war situation: various groups compete for power Outcome: Taliban controls 90% of the country by 1998 Northern Alliance controls the northwest corner

16. The Taliban The good:  Brings order to the war- torn nation  Rooted out corruption  Promoted growth of business The bad:  Followed extreme interpretation of Islam  Restrictive society  Had a role in growing problem of terrorism

17. U.S. Invasion When: 2011 Why: Taliban refused to hand over Osama Bin Laden Results:  U.S. drives Taliban from power by the end of the year  Country is still working towards stability