1. Lesson 3: Growth of Cities Key Ideas Washington cities saw rapid population and economic growth in the late 19 th and early 20 th centuries. Cities with train stations and seaports grew the fastest. Construction of the railroad and the Klondike gold rush helped make Seattle the largest city in the state.

2. Key Terms Booster Exploit Rival Rural Urban Urbanization

3. Read pg 122-123 Rural towns turned into urban cities = urbanization Bustling cities had brick buildings, paved streets, trolley cars, and electric lights! Largest communities in the region: Portland, Seattle, Tacoma, and Spokane. City18801890 Spokane35020,000 Tacoma1,09836,006 Seattle3,55342,837 Cities often built up around train stations, especially if they had a seaport. Why?

4. The Seattle Underground Tour

5. Rival Cities Tacoma Chosen for a Northern Pacific railway terminal World’s largest saw mill Experienced and economic slowdown in the 1890s…which opened the way for Seattle. Seattle Boosters finally convinced James Hill to build a train station Seattle soon had two train stations! Became the “gateway” to the Klondike gold rush

6. Rivalry Article from Portland newspaper printed Sept 9, 1897 The petty jealousies between Tacoma and Seattle, always in evidence were never more so than during this Klondike excitement. Each city is so dreadfully afraid that the other may get more than its fair share of the outfitting trade. It is all so very childish…It is a contemptible business for two so called progressive cities to indulge in, if such work can be called indulgence.

7. Klondike Gold Rush Read pages 124-125 In 1896 gold was discovered in the Klondike region of the Yukon Territory. Thousands of people fled north to strike it rich, including the mayor of Seattle himself! Seattle, and other cities in the region, profited as “outfitting” centers for miners, where they could purchase everything they needed for the journey. Seattle becomes the “gateway” to the Klondike with the help of Erastus Brainerd’s massive advertising campaign.

8. Erastus Brainerd One popular flyer Brainerd issued to organizations and newspapers around the country was “Seattle, the Outfitting Center,” which explained everything that made Seattle better than any other city. Because of Brainerd’s fervent advertising efforts, Seattle “received five times the advertising exposure as other cities on the West Coast.” 1.Seattle’s “harbor is perfect and safe. It is the center of a district which produces or manufactures nearly everything that enters into a miner’s outfit.” 2.“Seattle is the live competitive point having three transcontinental railroads. Competition in freight rates exists by which Seattle merchants benefit as those of no other city do.” 3.“Seattle is the most northern point in the United States whence vessels sail to Alaska. The route from Seattle is an ‘inside route,’ avoiding the storms and fogs of the Pacific Ocean.” 4.“Seattle is a wholesale supply point for the Pacific Northwest.” 5.“Seattle is the center of the greatest lumber interest in the World.” 6.Other cities lack the experience, railroad access, and stock that Seattle has. Source: Mighetto, Hard Drive to the Klondike, 46.

9. Seattle Letter from E. Brainerd requesting that recipients urge club members, church members and employees to write letters to home newspapers especially to spread the word of Seattle as best Alaskan outfitting point. Nov 20, 1897

10. Tacoma Tacoma Daily News 12/14/1897 *Article promoting Tacoma as the outfitting center for the gold rush

11. Tacoma Promotional map of railroad lines traveling to Tacoma. Tacoma Daily News Dec 14, 1897 This map incorrectly depicts Tacoma as the only West coast terminus for all the railroads heading West.

12. Seattle Vs Tacoma Seattle Post-Intelligencer 9/24/97 Article about "slanderous" articles appearing in other newspapers. The author wrote, “Poor, little Tacoma is one of these jealous towns. In fact, jealousy is hardly a strong enough term to use. Nothing seems to be too low for them to stoop to.”

13. Success! By 1910, Seattle was the largest city in the Pacific Northwest. Not only did thousands flock to Seattle on their way to the Klondike, but many returned to Seattle to spend their new fortunes! – John Nordstrom invested $13,000 into a shoe store, which became the department store “Nordstrom's.” – Edward Nordoff turned his profits into the Bon Marche stores, which were purchased by Macy’s in the early 2000’s.

14. Spokane Read page 128 Like Seattle and Tacoma, Spokane prospered in the late 1800s. The city had the advantage of “water power.” – Sawmill – Flour mill – Electricity It became a transportation hub for both the Northern Pacific and Great Northern railroad lines. Wealthy miners settled the area after silver was discovered near by in Coeur d’Alene, ID.

15. Essential Question How did Washington’s economy and population change in the era following statehood?

16. Assignment Write a letter home from the point of view of a stampeder describing your experience during the time of the Klondike Gold Rush.