1. REPTILES Ch. 31 Pg. 757-765

2. CHARACTERISTICS  First to live completely on land

3. CHARACTERISTICS  First to live completely on land  Eggs covered in shell (don’t dry out)

4. CHARACTERISTICS  First to live completely on land  Eggs covered in shell (don’t dry out)  Skin covered in scales (don’t dry out)

5. CHARACTERISTICS  First to live completely on land  Eggs covered in shell (don’t dry out)  Skin covered in scales (don’t dry out)  Dominated land (especially JURASSIC PERIOD)

6. CHARACTERISTICS  First to live completely on land  Eggs covered in shell (don’t dry out)  Skin covered in scales (don’t dry out)  Dominated land (especially JURASIC PERIOD)  Live in deserts, tropical areas, oceans, rivers, lakes—but NOT in very cold regions

7. CHARACTERISTICS  Ectothermic, scales, clawed toes, lack feathers

8. CHARACTERISTICS  Ectothermic, scales, clawed toes, lack feathers  Well developed lungs, heart with PARTIALLY divided ventricle

9. CHARACTERISTICS  Ectothermic, scales, clawed toes, lack feathers  Well developed lungs, heart with PARTIALLY divided ventricle  Internal fertilization/amniotic eggs

10. MOVEMENT/RESPONSE  Legs positioned under body but not DIRECTLY under (slower than mammals)

11. MOVEMENT/RESPONSE  Legs positioned under body but not DIRECTLY under (slower than mammals)  Developed vision Moveable eyelids Some see at night (geckos)

12. MOVEMENT/RESPONSE  Legs positioned under body but not DIRECTLY under (slower than mammals)  Developed vision Moveable eyelids Some see at night (geckos)  TYMPANUM (external ear) NOT snakes-use tongue-smell and vibrations (JACOBSON’S ORGAN)

13. MOVEMENT/RESPONSE  Legs positioned under body but not DIRECTLY under (slower than mammals)  Developed vision Moveable eyelids Some see at night (geckos)  TYMPANUM (external ear) NOT snakes-use tongue-smell and vibrations (JACOBSON’S ORGAN) Some snakes have ‘pits’ that sense heat (vipers)

14. MOVEMENT/RESPONSE  Legs positioned under body but not DIRECTLY under (slower than mammals)  Developed vision Moveable eyelids Some see at night (geckos)  TYMPANUM (external ear) NOT snakes-use tongue-smell and vibrations (JACOBSON’S ORGAN) Some snakes have ‘pits’ that sense heat (vipers)  Some with 4 legs, some with none

15. MOVEMENT AND RESPONSE  ECTOTHERMIC-cold blooded

16. MOVEMENT AND RESPONSE  ECTOTHERMIC-cold blooded Bask in sun to warm up

17. MOVEMENT AND RESPONSE  ECTOTHERMIC-cold blooded Bask in sun to warm up Head to shade to cool off

18. MOVEMENT AND RESPONSE  ECTOTHERMIC-cold blooded Bask in sun to warm up Head to shade to cool off Most reptiles do not live in cold climates

19. MOVEMENT AND RESPONSE  ECTOTHERMIC-cold blooded Bask in sun to warm up Head to shade to cool off Most reptiles do not live in cold climates Not active during cold

20. RESPIRATION AND CIRCULATION  LUNGS Many internal folds (increase surface area)

21. RESPIRATION AND CIRCULATION  LUNGS Many internal folds (increase surface area) Muscles in rib cage move air

22. RESPIRATION AND CIRCULATION  LUNGS Many internal folds (increase surface area) Muscles in rib cage move air  HEART Septum partly divides ventricle-less mixing of oxygen rich with oxygen poor blood

23. REPRODUCTION  Internal fertilization

24. REPRODUCTION  Internal fertilization  OVIPAROUS-young hatch from eggs outside of moms body (MOST reptiles)

25. REPRODUCTION  Internal fertilization  OVIPAROUS-young hatch from eggs outside of moms body (MOST reptiles)  OVOVIVIPAROUS-eggs hatch inside mother (some snakes/lizards)

26. REPRODUCTION  Internal fertilization  OVIPAROUS-young hatch from eggs outside of moms body (MOST reptiles)  OVOVIVIPAROUS-eggs hatch inside mother (some snakes/lizards)  AMNIOTIC EGG-contains both a water supply and a food supply

27. REPRODUCTION  Internal fertilization  OVIPAROUS-young hatch from eggs outside of moms body (MOST reptiles)  OVOVIVIPAROUS-eggs hatch inside mother (some snakes/lizards)  AMNIOTIC EGG-contains both a water supply and a food supply Shell keeps watertight

28. REPRODUCTION  ALBUMEN-egg white- cushion/nutrients

29. REPRODUCTION  ALBUMEN-egg white- cushion/nutrients  AMNION-cushions embryo

30. REPRODUCTION  ALBUMEN-egg white- cushion/nutrients  AMNION-cushions embryo  YOLK SAC-main food supply

31. REPRODUCTION  ALBUMEN-egg white- cushion/nutrients  AMNION-cushions embryo  YOLK SAC-main food supply  ALANTOIS-stores waste/gas exchange

32. REPRODUCTION  ALBUMEN-egg white- cushion/nutrients  AMNION-cushions embryo  YOLK SAC-main food supply  ALANTOIS-stores waste/gas exchange  CHORION-allows oxygen to enter and carbon dioxide to leave

33. REPRODUCTION  ALBUMEN-egg white- cushion/nutrients

34. REPRODUCTION  ALBUMEN-egg white- cushion/nutrients  AMNION-cushions embryo

35. REPRODUCTION  ALBUMEN-egg white- cushion/nutrients  AMNION-cushions embryo  YOLK SAC-main food supply

36. REPRODUCTION  ALBUMEN-egg white- cushion/nutrients  AMNION-cushions embryo  YOLK SAC-main food supply  ALLANTOIS-stores waste/gas exchange

37. REPRODUCTION  ALBUMEN-egg white- cushion/nutrients  AMNION-cushions embryo  YOLK SAC-main food supply  ALLANTOIS-stores waste/gas exchange  CHORION-allows oxygen to enter and carbon dioxide to leave

38. GROUPS OF REPTILES  TURTLES AND TORTOISES Shell covers body

39. GROUPS OF REPTILES  TURTLES AND TORTOISES Shell covers body Spine fused to top of shell

40. GROUPS OF REPTILES  TURTLES AND TORTOISES Shell covers body Spine fused to top of shell Most can pull head and legs in to shell for protection

41. GROUPS OF REPTILES  TURTLES AND TORTOISES Shell covers body Spine fused to top of shell Most can pull head and legs in to shell for protection TORTOISES-  Live on land

42. GROUPS OF REPTILES  TURTLES AND TORTOISES Shell covers body Spine fused to top of shell Most can pull head and legs in to shell for protection TORTOISES-  Live on land  Most have a dome-shaped shell

43. GROUPS OF REPTILES  TURTLES AND TORTOISES Shell covers body Spine fused to top of shell Most can pull head and legs in to shell for protection TORTOISES-  Live on land  Most have a dome-shaped shell TURTLES-  Most live in water

44. GROUPS OF REPTILES  TURTLES AND TORTOISES Shell covers body Spine fused to top of shell Most can pull head and legs in to shell for protection TORTOISES-  Live on land  Most have a dome-shaped shell TURTLES-  Most live in water  Streamlined shell

45. TURTLES/TORTOISES  Shell made of 2 parts

46. TURTLES/TORTOISES  Shell made of 2 parts Carapace-top of shell

47. TURTLES/TORTOISES  Shell made of 2 parts Carapace-top of shell Plastron-bottom of shell

48. TURTLES/TORTOISES  Shell made of 2 parts Carapace-top of shell Plastron-bottom of shell  Lack teeth but have sharp plates on jaws

49. TURTLES/TORTOISES  Shell made of 2 parts Carapace-top of shell Plastron-bottom of shell  Lack teeth but have sharp plates on jaws  Many are herbivores-snapping turtle=carnivore

50. TURTLES/TORTOISES  Shell made of 2 parts Carapace-top of shell Plastron-bottom of shell  Lack teeth but have sharp plates on jaws  Many are herbivores-snapping turtle=carnivore  Lay eggs in ground

51. TUATARA  2 species remaining-New Zealand  Active in low temps.  LIVING FOSSILS-survived 150 million years with little change

52. CROCODILIANS  Crocodiles, alligators, caimans, gavials

53. CROCODILIANS  Crocodiles, alligators, caimans, gavials  Carnivores

54. CROCODILIANS  Crocodiles, alligators, caimans, gavials  Carnivores  Eyes in top of head, nostrils on top of snout

55. CROCODILIANS  Crocodiles, alligators, caimans, gavials  Carnivores  Eyes in top of head, nostrils on top of snout  Crocodiles-care for young for a year

56. LIZARDS AND SNAKES  Both evolved from ancestors WITH legs

57. LIZARDS AND SNAKES  Both evolved from ancestors WITH legs  Periodic molting

58. LIZARDS AND SNAKES  Both evolved from ancestors WITH legs  Periodic molting  Jaw loosely attached to skull (allows it to open wide)

59. LIZARDS AND SNAKES  Both evolved from ancestors WITH legs  Periodic molting  Jaw loosely attached to skull (allows it to open wide)  LIZARDS Iguanans, geckos, anoles, horned lizards (NOT horny toads)

60. LIZARDS AND SNAKES  Both evolved from ancestors WITH legs  Periodic molting  Jaw loosely attached to skull (allows it to open wide)  LIZARDS Iguanans, geckos, anoles, horned lizards (NOT horny toads) Most herbivores (SOME carnivores)

61. LIZARDS AND SNAKES  Some species lose tail easily

62. LIZARDS AND SNAKES  Some species lose tail easily  External ears and eyelids

63. SNAKES  Swallow prey whole

64. SNAKES  Swallow prey whole  Jaw flexible-5 points of movement

65. SNAKES  Swallow prey whole  Jaw flexible-5 points of movement  Some are constrictors (boas, pythons, king snakes)-wrap body around prey/suffocate

66. SNAKES  Swallow prey whole  Jaw flexible-5 points of movement  Some are constrictors (boas, pythons, king snakes)-wrap body around prey/suffocate  Some are poisonous (cobras, vipers, copperheads)-venom injected through hollow fangs

67. SNAKES  Swallow prey whole  Jaw flexible-5 points of movement  Some are constrictors (boas, pythons, king snakes)-wrap body around prey/suffocate  Some are poisonous (cobras, vipers, copperheads)-venom injected through hollow fangs  Most lay eggs (oviparous) others give live birth (ovoviviparous-ex. Garter Snake)