1. THE PRESIDENCY Chapter 11 AP Government

2. THE PERKS $400,000 annual salary $169,000 for living expenses Residence at the White House Good seats for concerts and sporting events

3. QUALIFICATIONS Natural born citizen What if born to U.S. Citizens visiting or living in another country? John McCain was born in the Panama Canal Zone Ted Cruz was born in Canada

4. OLDEST/YOUNGEST PRESIDENTS John F. Kennedy youngest (43..and only Catholic) Ronald Reagan (69) All have been male and Protestant, except JFK and Barack Obama

5. PROCESS OF BECOMING PRESIDENT Twice the Electoral College has failed to give any candidate a majority of the vote When this occurs, the House of a representatives will vote 12th Amendment requires the separate election of the president and Vice President by the Electoral College

6. 5 ROLES OF THE PRESIDENCY The presidency is a very complicated job that requires balancing 5 constitutional roles

7. HEAD OF STATE Most nations, title is given to someone other than the chief executive Role as ceremonial head of the government Decorate war heroes, throw out first pitch, receive others heads of state at WH, official state visits to other countries, etc

9. HEAD OF STATE Serving as both the Head of State and chief executive limits the time to do "real" work Presidents must successfully blend the two roles

10. CHIEF EXECUTIVE As chief executive, presidents are bound to enforce the acts of Congress, judgments of federal courts, and treaties signed by the United States

11. SIGNING STATEMENTS Written declaration that a president may make when signing a bill into law regarding the law's enforcement Includes their interpretation of the law, which often differs from the interpretation of Congress, in an attempt to influence how the law will be implemented Usually issued when the president disagrees with the interpretation of members of Congress who supported the bill, but still wishes to approve the bill

12. POWERS OF APPOINTMENT AND REMOVAL The federal bureaucracy includes 2 million employees Most are employed by civil service The president does have appointment power for some positions

13. REPRIEVES AND PARDONS Section 2 of Article II gives the president power to pardon Andrew Johnson announced largest pardon in 1868 for all Confederate soldiers Gerald Ford pardoned Richard Nixon for his role in Watergate before charges were filed

14. COMMANDER IN CHIEF The president is the supreme commander of the military forces Not expected to lead troops into battle, but to make important decisions

15. WAR POWERS RESOLUTION Passed by Congress in 1973 Passed over Nixon's veto and required that the president consult with Congress when sending American forces into action Has to be reported within 48 hours. Congress must approve it within 60 days or troops must be recalled Can be extended to 90 days if the president certifies additional time is needed to safely withdraw forces

16. CHIEF DIPLOMAT The president controls foreign policy Has the power of diplomatic recognition, the power to recognize, or refuse to recognize, foreign governments

17. CHIEF DIPLOMAT President has the power to negotiate treaties with other nations (but must be approved by the Senate) The president can issue executive agreements with other countries They do not require Senate approval, but the House and Senate can choose not to find them

18. CHIEF LEGISLATOR The role of the president in influencing the making of laws Presidents set forth their agenda for the year in the State of the Union

19. CHIEF LEGISLATOR President propose bills and try to influence Congress to pass them President can say no to legislation by veto Remember how this works, 10 day limit, pocket veto, etc

20. LINE ITEM VETO Grants the ability to veto individual lines or items within a piece of legislation without vetoing the entire bill Many presidents have requested this power but SC ruled it unconstitutional in 1996

21. OTHER PRESIDENTIAL POWERS Statutory powers are powers created through laws enacted by Congress Expressed powers/Constitutional authority are written into the Constitution or law Inherent powers come from statements in the Constitution, "executive power shall be vested in the President."

22. PARTY CHIEF AND SUPER POLITICIAN One way of exerting political power within the party is through patronage Appointment of political supporters to government or public jobs Most important partisan role is that of fundraiser

23. PUBLIC APPROVAL Like members of Congress, presidents are concerned about their constituents and approval ratings Washington Community, those "inside the beltway" Approval ratings for presidents typically decline over their years in office

24. SPECIAL USES OF PRESIDENTIAL POWER Emergency powers are inherent powers exercised by the president during a time of crisis Lincoln suspended civil liberties, FDR declared national emergency following the fall of France in WW2

25. EXECUTIVE ORDERS Executive orders have the force of law Only requirement is that they must be published in the Federal Register Obama has raised fuel efficient standards, minimum wage for federal employees

26. EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGE Ability of the president to keep executive branch conversations and correspondence confidential from the legislative and judicial branches Rests on the assumption that a certain amount of secrecy is essential to the proper functioning of the executive branch

27. PROS AND CONS OF EXECUTIVE PRIVILEGE Using executive privilege weakens your accountability to the public, allows president to hide things On the other hand, the president must be able to communicate freely about national security issues without fear of having them exposed

28. WATERGATE BREAK-IN Five men broke into the DNC headquarters Break in was planned by members of Nixon's campaign Nixon and his advisors devised a plan to impede investigation

29. WATERGATE All Oval Office conversations were recorded, but Nixon refused to turn over the tapes citing Executive Privilege "No president could function if the private papers of his office, prepared by his personal staff, were open to public scrutiny" The SC ruled that Executive privilege could not be used to prevent evidence from being heard in criminal proceedings

32. IMPEACHMENT President can be removed for committing "treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors" Process starts in the house and moves to Senate No president has ever been impeached and convicted

33. THE EXECUTIVE ORGANIZATION The Cabinet is an advisory group selected by the president (VP, OMB, chief of Staff, etc) "Kitchen Cabinet" are a group of informal advisors Often conflicts of interest between presidents and cabinet members

34. EXECUTIVE OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT Created by FDR to assist president in carrying out major duties The White House Office tends to political needs and manages the media Chief of Staff directs the White House Office and advises the president

35. OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET (OMB) Assists the president in preparing annual budget All federal agencies must submit their proposed budgets to the OMB for approval

36. THE VICE PRESIDENCY Only formal duty is to preside over the Senate Typically chosen to balance the presidential ticket First in the line of succession