1. Emergence of Modern Japan Isolation: A nation will cut itself off from all other countries in an attempt to preserve itself. In 1800,Japan had been isolated for over 200 years under the Tokugawa Shogunate. Pressure begins to build as trade ships sail Japan’s coastline The western powers see Japan as both an opportunity and a challenge. www.dkimages.com

2. Japan opens up The United States are the first to be successful The United States are the first to be successful Matthew Perry arrives with a fleet at Edo Bay in 1853. Matthew Perry arrives with a fleet at Edo Bay in 1853. Tried to open trade between US and Japan Tried to open trade between US and Japan Returns months later (Japanese took time to discuss the idea and possible concessions) Returns months later (Japanese took time to discuss the idea and possible concessions) Treaty of Kanagawa – Japan and the U.S make an agreement Treaty of Kanagawa – Japan and the U.S make an agreement Return Sailors, open two trade ports, and establish a U.S. Consulate in Japan Return Sailors, open two trade ports, and establish a U.S. Consulate in Japan www.gwu.edu

3. Resistance Most resistance comes from samurai warriors Most resistance comes from samurai warriors Two regions; Satsuma and Choshu Two regions; Satsuma and Choshu These two areas form an alliance called the Sat-Cho alliance. They demand that the shogun end western relations. These two areas form an alliance called the Sat-Cho alliance. They demand that the shogun end western relations. They want to replace the Shogun with an Emperor They want to replace the Shogun with an Emperor Wanted to maintain traditional ways Wanted to maintain traditional ways Attacked the Palace in Kyoto and ended the Shogunate system. Attacked the Palace in Kyoto and ended the Shogunate system.

4. Meiji Restoration Sat-Cho Leaders soon realize that to survive, Japan would need to modernize Sat-Cho Leaders soon realize that to survive, Japan would need to modernize The new emperor Mutsuhito calls his rule the Meiji. This means “Enlightened Rule” The new emperor Mutsuhito calls his rule the Meiji. This means “Enlightened Rule” Began adopting Western ideas Began adopting Western ideas www.globalsecurity.org

5. Politics Leaders take power from local officials (Daimyo) by taking their land and allowing them to be governors over that area. Leaders take power from local officials (Daimyo) by taking their land and allowing them to be governors over that area. Ito Hirobumi: Sent to the west to study the governments of western powers. Ito Hirobumi: Sent to the west to study the governments of western powers. Progressives and Liberals divide. Progressives and Liberals divide. Progressives win the argument and establish a government with the emperor holding all power and being checked by the two house cabinet. Progressives win the argument and establish a government with the emperor holding all power and being checked by the two house cabinet. Government tries to be democratic but it is not. Government tries to be democratic but it is not.

6. Economics Land policy Land policy Land that at one time belonged to the daimyo was given to the peasants. Land that at one time belonged to the daimyo was given to the peasants. Land Tax Land Tax New tax is based on the value of the land rather than a set percentage of production. Many farmers cannot make their payments New tax is based on the value of the land rather than a set percentage of production. Many farmers cannot make their payments Industrialization Industrialization Government pushed for more industry. Government pushed for more industry. They provided funding, schooling, and western experts, transportation, and communication. They provided funding, schooling, and western experts, transportation, and communication. Industries that grow are tea, silk, weapons, shipbuilding, and sake. Industries that grow are tea, silk, weapons, shipbuilding, and sake.

7. “Strengthen the Army” Militarism Motto of Japanese reformers Compulsory – all men served 3 years Modern weapons were used Adopt the American system for education after establishing the Ministry of Education in 1871. Focused on teaching loyalty 3 obediences Child to father Wife to husband Widow to son

8. Beginning Imperialism Learn through examples and necessity Learn through examples and necessity Western nations became powerful through expansion. Western nations became powerful through expansion. Japan had no more room for settlement, agriculture, or industry. Also needed more resources. Japan had no more room for settlement, agriculture, or industry. Also needed more resources. Begin expansion in 1874 in nearby islands and soon after Korea. Begin expansion in 1874 in nearby islands and soon after Korea. Go to war with China. The Japanese destroy their naval fleet and take the city of Port Arthur. Go to war with China. The Japanese destroy their naval fleet and take the city of Port Arthur.

9. War With Russia Tensions rise over Korea. Tensions rise over Korea. Russians feel the Japanese would run at talk of war Russians feel the Japanese would run at talk of war Japan launches a surprise attack in 1904 Japan launches a surprise attack in 1904 Russia is astounded at the force of the Japanese and agrees to an embarrassing treaty in 1905 Russia is astounded at the force of the Japanese and agrees to an embarrassing treaty in 1905 Results: Japan recognized throughout the world as a major military power. Results: Japan recognized throughout the world as a major military power. www.visualizingcultures.com

10. Japan and the U.S. U.S. allows Japanese power in Korea in return for control of the Philippine Islands. U.S. allows Japanese power in Korea in return for control of the Philippine Islands. Mutual tension Mutual tension U.S. restricts Japanese Immigration U.S. restricts Japanese Immigration Fear the rise of Japanese power in Asia Fear the rise of Japanese power in Asia

11. Cultural Changes Literature Literature Introduction of the novel. Introduction of the novel. Architecture Architecture Begin to model after western buildings Begin to model after western buildings Examples are steel and concrete buildings along with Greek Columns Examples are steel and concrete buildings along with Greek Columns Some held on to traditional aspects of culture Some held on to traditional aspects of culture Arts and crafts, porcelains, textiles, fans, folding screens, and woodblock prints became popular in the west. Arts and crafts, porcelains, textiles, fans, folding screens, and woodblock prints became popular in the west. www.japanese-scrolls.com