1. How the electronic medium differs 15 조 201012868 손정은 201112474 서가인

2. 1.Intro 2.Not Like Speech 3.Not Like Writing 4.Conclusion Index

3. The electronic medium is neither exactly like speech nor exactly like writing The internet facilitates and constrains our ability to communicate in ways that are different from those found in linguistic situations Intro

4. 1. Lack of the simultaneous feedback - Essential part of a successful spoken conversation In spoken conversation, nods and smiles work along with a wide range of vocalization The messages sent via a computer are complete and unidirectional Not like speech

5. A recipient can’t react to our message while it is being typed A sender can’t get a sense of how successful a message is

6. 2. A difference from real-time chatrooms Not like speech We see on our screen messages coming in from all over the world The traditional speech conversation has never allowed us to listen to, participate in multiple conversations at once

7. 3. The limitations of the technology The rhythm of an Internet interaction - very slower than that of speech, disallows some of conversation’s most salient properties The rhythm depends on such factors: – the recipient’s computer – the user’s personality and habits – the circumstances of the interlocutors Not like speech

8. 3. The limitations of the technology It interferes with the conversational turn (turn-taking) → To talk and avoid talking/ interrupting each other → People expect certain adjacency-pairs E.g. Questions-answers/ Information-acknowledgement/ A complaint-excuse or apology

9. Not like speech 3. The limitations of the technology It interferes with the conversational turn (turn-taking) –On the Internet, turn-taking is dictated by the software, not by the participants –Its ability to cope with a topic can be destroyed E.g. turn-taking reversals/ unpredictable overlaps

10. Not like speech 4. The formal properties of the medium Properties are so basic that it’s extremely hard for people to write as they talk Replace the tone of voice -An exaggerated use of spelling and punctuation -The use of capitals and special symbols for emphasis So coooooooooool / aaaaaaahhhhhhhhh / whohe????? / hey!!!! /;) / :-)

11. Not like writing 1. Lack of the space-bound character of traditional writing Traditional writing – unchanged text/ Web page – can be changed –Its advertising sponsor might have changed –Its graphic designer might have added new features –Routine textual deletion is commonplace

12. Not like writing 2. Space-bound presence In E-mails, Routine textual deletion is commonplace/ Can alter messages easily and undetectably In traditionally written texts, not possible

13. Not like writing 3. Framing when you receive a message, and it contains many different points in a single paragraph, you can respond to each part separately You can also send the message to another person to get further comments – three voices framed on the screen

14. Not like writing An example of Framing

15. Not like writing 4. Hypertext link –To move from one page to another –Footnotes of books are primitive hypertext links 5. Lack of carefully planned, elaborate constructions –So much pressure to communicate rapidly –Typing errors, erratic capitalization, lack of punctuation, etc.

16. CMC is identical to neither speech nor writing, but selectively and adoptively displays the properties of both CMC is more than an aggregate of spoken and written features - “A new medium” Conclusion

17. Q&A

18. Thank you!