1. CEOS Systems Engineering Office (SEO) Status Report CEOS WGCV and WGISS Meeting Sanya, China Dr. L. DeWayne Cecil Senior Science Advisor SEO Dr. Brian Killough Director SEO February 25-29, 2008

2. CEOS SEO Background 68 member countries Created in 1984 46 members CEOS Systems Engineering Office (SEO) NASA LaRC was asked to lead the systems engineering effort in early 2007. The SEO was established in April 2007 to support the CEOS SIT, CEOS Constellation Teams and CEOS Working Groups. SEO Charter - systems engineering framework - requirements definition - mission assessment and studies - constellation architecture planning - foster communication within CEOS CEOS Constellations Support four constellation created in 2006 to bring about technical and scientific cooperation and collaboration among space agencies.

3. CEOS SEO 2007 Accomplishments CEOS General Support Introduced a systems engineering framework to facilitate requirements definition and validation (next chart). Conducted an assessment of the GEO Societal Benefit Area (SBA) observational requirements (on going effort, 294 ORs). Produced a CEOS video to support the November CEOS Plenary and the December GEO Summit meetings. Distributed over 300 DVD’s globally. Copies are available at this meeting. Initiated and now maintain a CEOS file server to support internal CEOS info management and the Cx teams (over 50 users). Contact SEO for more information about use and access. CEOS Constellation (Cx) Team Support Tracked and funded several constellation projects including a Fire/Smoke Aerosol Project (Jack Fishman, LaRC) and an Atmospheric Composition assessment and gap analysis (Jolyon Reburn, Rutherford Appleton Lab). Participated and supported planning of several Cx Workshops, developed draft system requirements and work plans, performed assessments, and facilitated communication with CEOS leaders and CEOS Cx teams. Performed a coverage assessment for the Land Surface Imaging (LSI) Constellation addressing Landsat, Sentinel and Rapid-Eye capabilities.

4. An Evolving “System” Framework for GEOSS Societal Benefits Useful Products Science and Algorithm development Measurable Parameters Mission Constraints Information products & services Decision Makers Knowledge & Models Measurements Instruments and Missions Requirements Assessment Constellation Architectures Working Group on Education WGEdu Working Group on Information Systems and Services WGISS Working Group on Calibration and Validation WGCV A systematic approach to space-based implementation of GEOSS for societal benefit SEO Vision

5. Completed a 14-minute narrated video for CEOS in November 2007. The video illustrates how current and future international satellite constellations can collectively observe the land, oceans, precipitation, and atmosphere of the Earth, for the benefit of society. It presents results from remote sensing of volcanic eruptions, tropical deforestation, biomass burning, smoke dispersion, greenhouse gases, floods, hurricanes, and rising sea levels. DVD’s were distributed at the CEOS Plenary and GEO (Group on Earth Observation) Plenary meetings. Committee on Earth Observation Satellites Land Surface Imaging Atmospheric Composition Oceans & Precipitation Virtual Constellations Data & Ground Systems International Cooperation Societal Impact / Benefits

6. Atmospheric Composition Constellation SBA Impact Assessment and Mission Architecture Assessment System Requirements Document using the SEO framework Helping to organize the ACC Climate Workshop to be held in the May 2008 timeframe at GISS/DC Fire/Smoke Aerosol Project led by Jack Fishman (NASA LaRC) utilizing CALIPSO data Climate Disasters Health Energy Biodiversity

7. Ocean Surface Topography Constellation Societal Benefit Impact OST System Requirements Document using the SEO framework OST Constellation Mission Architecture Climate Data Record Continuity Current Funded Future

8. Land Surface Imaging Constellation Land Imaging Study: Investigated coverage capability for Landsat-7, Rapid-Eye and Sentinel-2 considering cloud interference. Results will be used by the Land Imaging Constellation team and USGS to determine architecture approaches for the future. Preliminary results suggest technological advancements of Rapid- Eye have great cost benefit and orbit approach for Sentinel has great land coverage benefit. Report is already being used to support post- LDCM planning and potential international collaborations for future land imaging. Land Imaging Opportunities in Cloud Contour Map Preliminary report delivered in Nov 07. Future report (2008) will include enhanced cloud cover models and the addition of LDCM. RapidEye – 5-day Repeat Coverage Interval RapidEye – 5-day Cloud Constrained Coverage Interval

9. SEO Task Summary for 2008 Support CEOS SIT with the CEOS/GEO Remapping: SIT workshop planned on Feb 20-22. Develop a web-based tool for documenting / tracking actions with query and download capability. Map instruments and missions against actions and perform impact and gap analyses. Support Constellations and Working Groups: Develop system requirements, perform studies and assessments, and support architecture planning Initiate work with WGCV, WGISS, WGEdu, and other relevant groups. Facilitate communications (CEOS groups and external) Upgrade CEOS website to include new CEOS/GEO Remapping link, CEOS Constellation and Working Groups, updated CEOS contact information, and SEO content. Complete requirements definition, assessment and gap analysis for the Climate SBA, and others, if possible. Define detailed requirements for Climate using the Essential Climate Variables (ECV). Include informational products, science/models and measurements according to the SEO taxonomy. Map measurements, instruments and missions to the requirements and perform an initial assessment and gap analysis. Coordinate work with the SBA Climate Lead (Mitch Goldberg), GCOS leaders (Paul Mason and Stephan Bojinski), and the CEOS Working Groups.

10. GEO Document and CEOS Action Traceability GEO Group on Earth Observations GEOSS Global Earth Observation System of Systems GCOS Global Climate Observing System CEOS Committee on Earth Observing Satellites GEO 2007-2009 Work Plan 39 Continuing 32 New GEOSS 10-Year Implementation Plan Feb-2005 107 (2-year) 82 (6-year) 52 (10-year) GCOS Implementation Plan Oct-2004, GCOS-92 24 Key Actions 32 Atmosphere 41 Ocean 37 Terrestrial 21 Cross-Cutting 28 Essential Climate Variables (ECVs) CEOS Implementation Plan Oct-2007 CEOS Response to the GCOS Implementation Plan Sep-2006 59 Total Actions 32 (2-year) 28 (6-year) 18 (10-year) Systematic Observational Requirements for Satellite-Based Products for Climate Sep-2006, GCOS-107 12 Atmosphere 19 Ocean 6 Terrestrial 22 Cross-Cutting 155 Total Actions 78 Total Targets 241 Total Targets 71 Total Tasks SIT “Remapping” 294 Observational Requirements (ORs) SPACE GLOBAL SPACE GLOBAL

11. SEO Study Capabilities SEO has Systems Engineering expertise in the development of system requirements (SBA’s, information products, science modeling, measurements, instrument, missions) for systems architecture gap assessment and planning. SEO has expertise in the development of “Campaign Analysis” models including value models, and probabilistic cost and schedule uncertainty. SEO has expertise in Satellite Tool Kit (STK) orbit analyses for performing trade studies of mission orbits and architecture planning. SEO has a license for the US Air Force Combat Climatology Center (AFCCC) data record that contains many geophysical data parameters systems analysis studies. Geophysical: Global, 2.5 deg spatial, 6-hour temporal, 1950-2006: - High,Med,Low Cloud Base, Cloud Cover and Cloud Type - Precipitation Rates and Types, Ice Cover, Surface Temp, Ground Wetness - Wind Direction and Wind Speed (10-1000 hPa, 10m) Regional, 40-km spatial, 1-hour temporal, 1950-2006 - Thunderstorm Probability (surface), Wind Gust Speed (surface) Oceanographic: Global, 0.25-deg, 1-day temporal, 1993-2004 (Depth, Salinity, Water Temp) Global, 1-deg, 3-hr temporal, 1993-2002 (Wave Direction, Period and Height)

12. Proposed CEOS Website Architecture CEOS Committee on Earth Observing Satellites CEOS Contact Information NASA Content Mgmt JAXA host CEOS Constellations and Working Groups CEOS Action Tracking CEOS Leadership Constellations Working Groups SBA Teams SEO Atmospheric Composition (AC) Land Surface Imaging (LSI) Precipitation Ocean Surface Topography (OST) Calibration/Validation (WGCV) Info Systems and Services (WGISS) Education (WGEdu) New Constellations ??? CEOS Systems Engineering (SEO) GEO Tasks (71) CEOS Targets (78)-future Reports Queries SEO Gap Assessments File Server Cx System Requirements SBA/GEOSS Requirements Cx Studies and Assessments List of Services Newsletters Update

13. 28 total ECVs - space-based measurable atmospheric, ocean and terrestrial parameters including TWO “Reanalysis” ECV’s (A8 and O6) for Oceans and Atmosphere. A.Atmosphere A.1Surface Wind Speed and Direction A.2Upper-air Temperature A.3Water Vapor A.4Cloud properties A.5Precipitation A.6Earth Radiation Budget A.7Ozone A.8Atmospheric Reanalysis (multiple ECVs) A.9Aerosols A.10CO 2, CH 4 and other Greenhouse Gases A.11Upper-air Wind O.Oceans O.1Sea Ice O.2Sea Level O.3Sea Surface Temperature O.4Ocean Color O.5Sea State O.6Ocean Reanalysis (Multiple ECVs) O.7Ocean Salinity T.Terrestrial T.1Lakes T.2Glaciers and Ice Caps, and Ice Sheets T.3Snow Cover T.4Albedo T.5Land Cover T.6fAPAR (Fraction of Absorbed Photosynthetically Active Radiation) T.7LAI (Leaf Area Index) T.8Biomass T.9Fire Disturbance T.10 Soil moisture Essential Climate Variables (ECV)

14. Example Requirements: Climate (Ocean Domain) Information products & services Decision Makers Knowledge & Models Measurements Instruments and Missions  Policies for coastal population growth  Disaster plans for hurricane flooding  Water usage restrictions  Initiatives impacting global warming  Sea Level (Sea Surface Height – SSH)  Sea Surface Temperature (SST)  Sea State (surface winds, wave information) ECVs – Essential Climate Variables Instruments  Radar Altimeter (Sea Level)  Synthetic Aperture Radar (Sea State)  Wind Scatterometer (Sea State)  Imager (Sea Surface Temperature) Missions  TOPEX/Poseidon, Jason 1,2,3 (high precision)  ERS-2, ENVISAT (in orbit, complementary)  Cryosat-2, HY-2A, SARAL, Sentinel-3A, SWOT (future)  Sea Level Rise Models  Climate Models (Global Warming, El Nino and La Nina)  Hurricane, Flood, Drought Models  Stream Flow and Water Storage Models  Forecasts (mean sea level, storm surge level)  Warnings (hurricane, flood, drought)  Maps (hurricane storm surge, stream flow, water storage)

15. SEO Contributions to Climate Assess the ECV parameters and identify missing parameters or inconsistencies between GEOSS, GCOS and CEOS documentation. - Example: ECV’s relate to 33 of the 36 (92%) GEOSS 10-yr Plan Climate SBA Observational Requirements. - Example: Missing “Terrestrial Reanalysis” Using the “systems framework” determine relevant informational products and science models. Perform assessments and gap analyses of measurements and missions for each ECV. Engage CEOS Working Groups, GEO Climate SBA lead, GCOS in developing requirements and reviewing assessments.

16. Contact Information Brian Killough, SEO Director – NASA LaRC Phone: 757-864-7047 Email: Brian.D.Killough@nasa.govBrian.D.Killough@nasa.gov L. DeWayne Cecil, SEO Senior Science Advisor – NASA Langley SEO and USGS – Idaho National Laboratory, USA, Phone: 208-528-2611 Email: ldcecil@usgs.govldcecil@usgs.gov