1. Catalyst Pick up folders and take a silent seat **4 corner review**

2. Catalyst

5. 4. Which human activity would be most destructive to the biodiversity of the biosphere? a. the burning of wood and coal in rural areas b. the release of species of freshwater trout in lakes c. the removal of plants from the food webs they support d. the removal of erosion barriers from forest boundaries

6. Agenda Review – Astronomy Take your own notes Stations Exit Ticket (socrative)

7. Astronomy I can explain the Earth’s role as a body in space.

8. Organization of the Universe Universe – Galaxies Solar systems – Stars, planets, moons, astroids, and comets Billions of galaxies; trillions of stars

9. Galaxy group of stars – Milky Way galaxy = approximately 200 BILLION stars Categorized by shape – Spiral, elliptical, irregular – Milky Way = spiral Can be seen without a microscope

10. Solar System The sun and the astronomical objects (planets, moons, comets, and asteroids) which orbit it Orbit – elliptical path around an object due to its gravitation

12. Origin of the Universe Big Bang Theory Steady State Theory

13. Doppler Effect

14. Big Bang Theory Universe began as a dense, hot, single point 13.7 billion years ago, a rapid expansion occurred outwards in all directions All matter and energy was created at this point Matter cooled and formed atoms, gases, and stars Universe is still expanding outwards from that expansion

15. The BIG BANG THEORY EXPANDING UNIVERSE!!

16. Steady State Theory The universe looks the same as it has always been even though it is expanding New matter is constantly being created from empty space to maintain its density

17. Earth’s movement The Earth moves in an elliptical orbit around the sun. This is called revolution. The moon revolves around the Earth. The Earth rotates on its axis (spinning on its axis). This causes day and night.

18. Earth’s Movement Precession – the change in direction of the axis – NO ANGLE CHANGE Nutation – the wobbling around the axis – ANGLE CHANGE

19. Barycenter Center of mass It is a point in space about which the Earth and Moon appear to orbit as they travel around the Sun

20. Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion 1.Orbits of the planets are elliptical (oval-shaped path) 1.Planets revolve faster when they are closer to the sun 1.An orbital period is the time (in Earth years) it takes a planet to makes one revolution around the sun the further from the sun, the longer the orbital period – circumference is larger

21. Seasons Caused by two things – The angle of the suns rays (Earth’s 23.5 degree tilt) – The length of days Summer we get direct rays from the sun (the axis is tilted towards the sun) and our days are longer. Winter we get indirect rays from the sun (the axis is tilted away from the sun) and our days are shorter.

22. Seasons

23. Tides Tides are caused by the gravitational pull from the moon and sun.

24. Tides High Tide – water level at maximum Low Tide – water level at minimum Spring Tide – during full and new moon, highest high tide. Neap Tide – during 1 st and 3 rd quarter moon, lowest high tide.

25. Tides

26. Moon Phases Reflection from sun’s light rays Depends on the position around the earth and the reflection of the suns light Half the moon is always lit by the sun, as it orbits we see different parts of the lighted area. Moon rotates around the Earth in 29 days

27. The Moon passes through four major shapes during a cycle that repeats itself every 29.5 days. The phases always follow one another in the same order: New moon First quarter Full moon Third quarter New moon

28. Moon Phases: 1.New Moon 2.Waxing Crescent 3.First Quarter 4.Waxing Gibbous 5.Full Moon 6.Waning Gibbous 7.Third Quarter 8.Waning Crescent

29. New Moon The lighted side of the Moon faces away from Earth. The moon looks very dark.

30. First Quarter Moon The right half of the Moon appears lighted and the left side of the Moon appears dark.

31. Third Quarter Moon Left half of the moon appears light and the right side appears dark.

32. Full Moon The lighted side of the moon faces the Earth. The whole moon is lit up.

33. WAXING Getting bigger

34. WANING Getting smaller

35. Waxing and Waning

36. Solar Eclipse

37. Lunar Eclipse

38. Stars huge balls of glowing gas in the sky. Hertzsprung-Russel Diagram – Upper left = hot, luminous stars – Lower right = cool, dull stars

40. Fusion and Fission Nuclear reactions FUSION – 4 hydrogen nuclei fuse together to form 1 helium nuclei and release energy ENERGY of stars, the sun – Produces radiant energy in the core FISSION – splitting of a nucleus into smaller fragments releases a large amount of energy.

41. How is Heat Transferred? There are THREE ways heat can move.  Conduction  Convection  Radiation

42. Differentiated Heating SUN DOES NOT HEAT UP THE EARTH EQUALLY Land HEATS UP and COOLS DOWN FASTER than Water. **properties of land and water**

43. Agenda Review – Astronomy Take your own notes Stations Exit Ticket (socrative)

44. Stations 3-4 students per station – 7 minutes per station – EVERY STUDENT PARTICIPATES… THE MORE YOU PUT IN, THE MORE YOU GET OUT 1 – vocabulary memory 2 – test questions 3 – BRAIN BREAK (puzzle) 4 – heads up 5 – large sticky

45. Large Sticky Question What role does Earth play in the solar system? How does Earth move in space and what happens because of its motion?