1. Unit 6: Universe
Lesson 1

2. Lesson 1 – Earth, Sun and Moon
Intense, temporary releases of energy from the sun’s surface = solar flares
Our Sun
Is a star
Seems bigger because it is closer to us than other stars
Huge loops of gases= prominences
Has no solid surface
Made of hot gases called plasma
Life couldn’t exist on Earth without the sun.

3. Nuclear Fusion

4. Nuclear Fusion Process by which sun produces heat and light
Major source of energy for Earth
Fusion
Energy
Helium
Hydrogen
An Exothermic Reaction

5. Earth’s Moon Has no light of its own
The light we see is the sunlight reflected off the moon’s surface
a giant rock in space with almost no atmosphere
rotates, or spins, on its axis while it revolves (move on a path around an object) around Earth.
Same side of moon always faces Earth.
1 rotation and 1 revolution are same as Earth days- each time the Moon revolves around Earth, it also rotates 1 time.

6. Moon Phases
New Moon
Waxing Crescent
First Quarter
Waxing Gibbous
Full Moon
Waning Gibbous
Third Quarter
Waning Crescent
one month
Fact: It takes about ___________________ to go through all the phases of the moon.

8. Tides
A tide is the or _ in water near the ocean’s shore. Most coastal areas around the world have two ______ tides and two ____ tides.
The gravitational force of the ___pulls on everything on earth, including
The pull is more noticeable in than in because the particles in a can move more easily than the particles in a ____.
rise
fall
high
low
moon
its water
liquids
solids
liquid
solid

9. Tides
This causes ocean water to be pulled slightly from the Earth. But on the side facing opposite the moon, the Earth is pulled slightly away from the so you get high tides in the line of the moon and low tides in between.
away
water

11. Effects of the Movements of the Earth and Moon
A. Earth on its Axis
1. Sun is the center of the
a. Earth and other planets __ around the sun
2. Earth rotates on its
a. Axis is an __between the two poles
3. 1 rotation = 1 day ( hours)
a. The sun seems to move around the ____________ but it’s actually the Earth that is moving (rotating).
b. When your part of the Earth moves into the _____, you get day then when your part is facing you get night.
c. “a day” (24 hours) and “daytime” (amount of sunlight in a 24 hour period) aren’t the same thing – be careful of confusion.
d. Amount of changes with the
solar system
revolve
axis
imaginary line 24
Earth
Sun’s light
away
daylight
seasons

12. 4. Earth spins from West to East
a. From our point of view, the sun rises in the and sets in the (it’s backwards from actual movement because we’re on the Earth and our perspective is different)
b. Note: this same concept is why the moon appears to and ___ each day
3. Earth’s axis is tilted
a. Half of the Earth is usually tilted or from the sun
b. Big effect on poles
North Pole all light ____ months out of the year.
South pole of North
East
West
set
rise
toward
away
Six (6)
opposite

13. B. Earth’s Orbit and the seasons
1. Sun’s gravity pulls into orbit (revolution) around the sun.
a. Orbit is an (shape)
2. 1 revolution = 365¼ days (1 )
a. 1 revolution (year) = roughly rotations (days)
C. Tilt and the seasons
1. Earth’s tilt (and revolution) cause the
a. Sun warms the hemisphere that’s tilted it (summer) more than the hemisphere that’s tilted away (winter)
1. Northern Hemisphere toward =
2. Northern Hemisphere away =
3. No tilt = and
Earth
ellipse
year
365
seasons
toward
summer
winter
spring
fall

15. D. Solar Eclipses
Happens when the moon blocks the sun’s light from getting to earth
Sun is completely blocked from view (total eclipse)
Visible to only a small area of Earth
Happens in the daytime.

16. Solar Eclipse

17. Lunar Eclipses
Happens when the Earth blocks moon (moon is in Earth’s shadow)
Moon is completely blocked from view
Visible to a larger area of Earth
Happens at night

18. Lunar Eclipses