1. Joints of the pectoral girdle and upper extremity

2. Naming of Joints Usually derived from the names of the articulating bones.

3. Mobility and Stability in Joints Motion permitted ranges from none to various extensive motions. Structure determines both its mobility and its stability. –more mobile = less stable

13. BALL AND SOCKET

14. Joint Shapes Saddle: articular surface both concave + convex –side-to-side, back-forth movement –(eg) carpometacarpal jt of thumb – Ball + Socket: spherical head + round socket –multiaxial movement –(eg) shoulder, femur pg 225

15. Bursae & Tendon Sheaths Bursae: flat, fibrous sac w/synovial membrane lining Tendon Sheaths: elongated bursae that wraps around tendons 3 Factors in Joint Stability: –Muscle Tone –Ligaments – Fit of Articular Surface pg 219

23. ELBOW JOINT

25. Joint Shapes Hinge: cylindrical end of 1 bone fits into trough shape of other –angular movement-1 plane (eg) elbow, ankle, interphalangal Plane: articular surface in flat plane –Short gliding movement –(eg) intertarsal, articular processes of vertebrae pg 224

26. Joint Shapes Condyloid: egg-shape articular surface + oval concavity –side-to-side, back+forth movement –(eg) metacarpophalangeal (knuckle) Pivot: round end fits into ring of bone + ligament –rotation on long axis –(eg) prox. radius/ulna, atlas/dens pg 225

27. BURSAE AND TENDON SHEATHS

28. BIAXIAL JOINT(CONDYLOID/ SADDLE JOINT)

30. Tendon Sheaths and Bursae Bursa is saclike extension of joint capsule that extends between nearby structures allowing them to slide more easily past each other Tendon sheaths are elongated cylinders of connective tissue lined with synovial membrane & wrapped around a tendon –numerous in hand and foot