1. CLIMATE CHANGE AND WATER RESOURCES OF PAKISTAN
DR. QAZI TALLAT M. SIDDIQUI
PAKISTAN NATIONAL COMMITTEE OF ICID(PANCID)
23 APRIL 2014

2. COUNTRY PROFILE
Geographical Area of Pakistan: 796,101 square kilometers
Current Population: million people
Agriculture contribution in GDP: 25%
Agriculture contribution in employment: 47%
Foreign Exchange Exports (Agriculture): Above 60%
Principal Crops: Wheat, Rice, Cotton, Sugar-cane, Oilseed, Grams & Pulses
Large Rivers Head-works: Nos.
Independent Irrigation Canal System: 45 Nos. (64,000 Kms)
Large Dams with height 15m and above: 143 Nos. (Including Super Storage Reservoirs)
- River Discharges in Summer: 3,000-34,000 Cumec (100,000-1,200,000 Cusec)
Area currently served by Irrigation System: 17 million Hectares (42million acres)
Average inflows MAF (175 BCM)
Average Canal withdrawals MAF (129BCM)
Installed Power Generation Capacity 20,090 MW
Hydropower: 6,444 MW
Thermal: ,184 MW
(Includes 8,243 MW from IPPs)
Nuclear: 462 MW

3. RAINFALL PATTERN OVER PAKISTAN
Average annual rainfall over Pakistan is 291 mm (11.4”). Nearly two third of rainfall is received in Kharif (summer) while balance is received in Rabi (winter). 3

4. RIVERS OF PAKISTAN World’s largest contiguous
WESTERN RIVERS
AFGHANISTAN
Population M
Cultivable Area Ma
Irrigated Area Ma
Major Storage Reservoirs
Barrages
Main Canals
Link Canals
Small Dams (approx 3 MAF) 82
INDIA
EASTERN RIVERS
IRAN
World’s largest contiguous
Irrigation System worth US $ 300 billion 4

5. ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN WATER MANAGEMENT
Federal Flood Commission (FFC)
National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA)
Provincial Disaster Management Authorities (PDMAs)/SDMA/DDMAs
Pakistan Meteorological Department/ National Flood Forecasting Division
Pak Army
Provincial Irrigation Departments
Water & Power Development Authority (WAPDA)
Pakistan Commissioner for Indus Waters
Indus River System Authority (IRSA)
District Administrations

6. CAUSES OF FLOODS IN PAKISTAN
Riverine floods are generally caused by heavy concentrated rainfall in catchments, during monsoon season, which is sometimes augmented by snow melt flow.
Monsoon currents originating in the Bay of Bengal and resultant depressions often result in heavy downpour in the Himalayan foothills which occasionally produce destructive riverine/flash floods;
Torrential Rains in plains causing urban flooding;
Glacier Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs)
Cyclone causing flooding in coastal areas

7. FEDERAL FLOOD COMMISSION
Preparation of Flood Protection Plan for the country;
Approval of flood control/protection schemes prepared by Provincial Governments and Federal Agencies;
Recommending principles of regulation of reservoirs for flood control;
Review of damage to flood protection works and review of plans for restoration and reconstruction works ;
Measures for improvement of Flood Forecasting & Warning System;
Preparation of a Research Programme for flood control and protection;
Standardization of designs and specifications for flood protection works;
Evaluation and monitoring of progress of implementation of the National Flood Protection Plan.

8. EXISTING FLOOD PROTECTION FACILITIES (STRUCTURAL MEASURES)‏
PROVINCE
EMBANKMENTS
(KM)‏
SPURS
(NOS.)‏
Punjab
3,332
496
Sindh
2,422 46
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
352
186
Balochistan
697
682
Total:
6,803
1,410

9. CAPACITY OF RESERVOIRS IN PAKISTAN
Figures in MAF
Live Storage Capacity
Year 2013
Tarbela (1974)
6.581
Chashma (1971)
0.276
Mangla (1967/2012 Raising)
7.392
Total:
14.249
Source: IRSA

10. FUTURE CLIMATIC CHALLENGES
Rising number of extreme climate events
Marked shift in monsoon rainfall zone (NE to NW)
Intense, concentrated monsoon rains
Heavy downpours in short time interval
Inconsistent behavior of monsoon
Erratic flash flood events

11. ACTIVITIES IN WATER SECTOR Storage Projects
Name of Project
Live
Storage
(MAF)
Irrigable Area (Acres)
Installed
Capacity (MW)
Status/
Completion Date
Basha Diamer Dam
6.40
4,500
Mangla Dam Raising
2.90 -
180
Completed
Gomal Zam Dam
1.14
163,086
17.4
2014
Satpara Dam
0.08
19,920
15.8
Kurram Tangi Dam
0.90
83.4 MW
2018
Akhori Dam
6.00
600
Engineering Design being undertaken

12. NATIONAL WATER POLICY
Ministry of Water and Power has prepared a National Water Policy.
Main points addressed in the Policy include:
Sustainability
Optimal and Efficient Use
Development of water resources in accordance with national perspective
Equitable water availability to match water requirements
Time and cost control in water sector projects
Revitalizing Institutions in order to meet these objectives
Setting up of National Water Commission

13. AREAS OF COOPERATION AMONG SOUTH ASIAN COUNTRIES
Exchange of expertise in water sector through technical tours, seminars and trainings
Formulation of a common framework of action for sustainable development in water sector and coping with water related disasters
Revitalizing regional treaties to settle trans-boundary water issues among neighbouring countries
Promotion of dissemination of good practices in water sector through deployment of experts on reciprocal basis

14. Thank You