2. INDUS RIVER SYSTEM AUTHORITY (IRSA) “Inter Provincial Water Distribution and the Need for Reservoirs” Rao Irshad Ali Khan Member IRSA Punjab December 19, 2014 Presentation to LEAD Pakistan’s F-7 Markaz, Islamabad S.N: 01

3. 3 WATER SCENARIO, 1947 - 1960 1.At Independence, river inflow in Pakistan was 167 MAF (Western Rivers : Indus, Jhelum & Chenab + Eastern Rivers :Ravi, Sutlej & Beas) 2.Total irrigated land in Pakistan was 26 million acres against potential irrigable land of 77.1 million acres. 3.In 1947, partition/territorial division took place. All upstream control structures on Ravi, Beas and Sutlej fell in Indian Territory. Pakistan became a lower riparian. 4.In 1948, water flowing to Pakistan from Eastern rivers was stopped. 5.Twelve years of dispute settlement under the aegis of World Bank. 6.Initial effort was for co-operative use. Ultimately division of waters 7.For Pakistan: Indus, Jhelum and Chenab. For India: Ravi, Sutlej and Beas. Transfer of Water from Western to Eastern rivers was necessitated. S.N: 02

4. The Water Agreements  Indus Waters Treaty 1960  Water Apportionment Accord 1991 S.N: 03

5. Inter-provincial Water Dispute The Inter-provincial dispute on Water Distribution was initiated during the construction of two mega Irrigation Projects i.e.  Sutlej Valley Canal Project1932  Sukkur Barrage1935 S.N: 04

6. Committees / commissions 1937Anderson Committee 1945Rau Commission 1968Akhtar Hussain Committee 1970Fazal-e-Akbar Committee 1976 Indus Waters Commission (Anwar-ul-Haq Commission) 1983Haleem Commission 1991Water Accord S.N: 05

7. Irrigation Network of Pakistan  Major Storage Reservoirs (No.) =3  Storage Capacity (MAF)=14.2  Barrages (No.)=19  Inter-River Link Canals (No.)=12  Canal Commands (No.)=52  Total length of Irrigation Canals= 38,000 Miles  Canal withdrawals capacity= 290,000 Cs  Watercourses (No.)=107,000 S.N: 06

8. Indus Basin Water Requirements Province Main Canal Systems (No.) Command Area (M. Acres) Punjab2521.0 Sindh1512.8 KPK100.73 Balochistan20.97 Total5235.50 S.N: 07

9. 9 Rim Stations: Indus @ Tarbela Kabul @ Nowshera Jhelum @ Mangla Chenab @ Marala Tarbela Mangla Kabul Indus Jhelum Chenab Ravi Sutlej Chashma C-J T-P Sindh Barrages Legend Punjab Barrages Balochistan Canals KPK CRBC Reservoirs Major Rivers S.N: 08

10. Water Account Post Tarbela Average (1976.77 to 2013.14) (MAF) Western River138.12 Eastern River6.61 Total Western & Eastern River144.73 Provincial Utilization96.91 System Losses-17.93 * D/S Kotri29.89 * Required D/S Kotri 8.6 MAF S.N: 09

11. Western & Eastern River Post Tarbela (1976.77 to 2013.14) (MAF) Rivers Indus @ Kalabagh Jhelum @ Mangla Chenab @ Marala Eastern Rivers Total Maximum112.1832.0032.6919.98183.45 Minimum66.8111.8517.850.3099.05 Average89.8722.4725.786.61144.73 S.N: 10

12. Comparison of Para 14 (b) vs Para 2 (MAF) Province Para 14 (b)%Para 2% Difference (4-2) % Increase 1234567 Punjab54.5153.155.9448.91.4312 Sindh43.5342.448.7642.65.2345 Balochistan1.631.63.873.42.2419 KPK3.063.05.785.12.7224 Total102.73100114.3510011.62100 S.N: 11

13. Comparison of Para 14 (b), 2 & 4 (Percentages) ProvincePara 14 (b)Para 2Para 4 1234 Punjab53.148.937 Sindh42.442.637 Balochistan1.63.412 KPK3.05.114 Total100.0 100 S.N: 12

14. 14 Present Distribution Mechanism of IRSA (THREE TIER FORMULA SINCE 2003) Scenario I – Water Availability < Actual Average System Uses 77-82 – Distributed as per 14 (b) of the WAA 1991 Scenario II – Water Availability > Actual Average System Uses 77-82 but < Para 2 of WAA 1991 – Actual Average System Uses are protected – Balance available as per Para 2 i.e. 10-daily approved by CCI Scenario III – Water Availability > Para 2 of WAA 1991 – Para 2 i.e. 10-daily approved by CCI are protected – Balance as per Para 4 of the WAA 1991 Note:KPK & Balochistan are exempted from shortages S.N: 13

15. 15 Para 6 The need for storages, wherever feasible on the Indus and other rivers was admitted and recognised by the participants for planned future agricultural development. S.N: 14

16. Reservoir Sedimentation ReservoirDesignedPresentSedimentation Tarbela Level1550.00 MAF % Live Storage 9.686.45-3.23-33 Mangla Level1202.00 Live Storage 5.344.50-0.84-16 Chashma Level649.00 Live Storage 0.720.28-0.44-61 Total Storage15.7411.23-4.51-29% Mangla Raising 2013 Live Storage 1242.00 2.90 0.0 Total18.6414.13-4.51-24 S.N: 15

17. Sr. #River Basin Average Annual flow (MAF) No. of Dams Storage Capacity (MAF) % age Storage 1Colorado12359.62497 2Nile471132281 3 Sutlej Bias India (Total) 32 750 5 4,636 11.32 245 35 33 4Yellow River345768.9520 5Columbia17933419 6 Indus & others Rivers 145314.2010 7World20,000-8,00040 AVERAGE ANNUAL FLOW AND STORAGE CAPACITY OF DAMS OF SOME MAJOR RIVER BASINS Source: Wapda S.N: 16

18. Provincial Allocations with Additional Storage (MAF) Province Pre Mangla 1960-66 Pre Tarbela 1967-76 Post Tarbela 1977-82 Post Kalabagh Post Bhasha & Akhori Punjab48.3549.8654.5155.9461.49 Sindh*36.1240.6743.5348.7654.31 **KPK1.672.433.065.787.88 Balochistan -0.491.633.875.67 Total86.1493.45102.73114.35129.35 * Includes Balochistan ** Excluding Un-gauged Civil Canals S.N: 17

19. Recommended Escapage below Kotri Kharif AprMayJunJulAugSepTotal Cfs5000 MAF>=0.3 1.8 +**) Rabi *) OctNovDecJanFebMarTotal cfs5000 MAF0.3 1.8 Annual3.6 +**) *) In a dry year the amount can be proportionally reduced in relation to the reductions in irrigation water supply **) A total volume of 25 MAF in any 5 years period (an annual equivalent of 5 MAF) to be released in a concentrated way as flood flow (Kharif period), to be adjusted according to the ruling storage in the reservoirs and the volume discharged in the four previous years. S.N: 18

20. 1.22 MAF being wasted D/S Kotri 2.Escapages D/S Kotri 3.Operation of Link Canals 4.Mangla Reservoir Filling 5.KPK’s objection on construction of Kalabagh Dam a) Nowshera will be drowned b) Swabi will be water logged S.N: 19 ISSUES

23. 23 DRAINAGE LEVELS IN KABUL VALLEY WITH KALABAGH SWABI CHARSADDA PABBI NOWSHERA MARDAN RESERVOIR RETENATION EL. 915 DISTANCE U/S DAM SITE IN MILES LEVEL IN FEET 955 960 940 970 1000 958 HISARA DRAIN S.N: 21