2. Enlightenment and Revolution

3. The Enlightenment Medieval scholars had a geocentric view of the universe. Exploration and new discoveries challenge old ways of thinking about the world and leads to …the Scientific Revolution!!!

4. A Revolutionary Model of the Universe Through observation and mathematics, Scientists develop the heliocentric theory.Through observation and mathematics, Scientists develop the heliocentric theory. Galileo’s observations support Copernicus  telescope.Galileo’s observations support Copernicus  telescope. Galileo’s ideas conflict with religious authority and teachings, and leads to his arrest.Galileo’s ideas conflict with religious authority and teachings, and leads to his arrest. Right click for speaker notes

5. Scientific Method The Scientific Method is logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas. Francis Bacon urges scientists to draw conclusions about the world based on their own observations. Rene Descartes believes that everything should be doubted until it can be proven by reason. Newton’s law of gravity explains how the same physical laws govern motion on earth and in the heavens. New tools and instruments –Microscope, barometer, thermometer, anatomy, chemistry Right click for speaker notes

6. Enlightenment thinkers apply the scientific method to human affairs to discover natural laws that govern society. Two Views on Government Enlightenment thinkers apply the scientific method to human affairs to discover natural laws that govern society. John Locke Life, liberty and property  if government does not protect these rights, people can overthrow the government. Right click for speaker notes

7. The Philosophes Advocate Reason The five important philosophical concepts are reason, nature, happiness, progress and liberty. Voltaire fights intolerance through his writing. Montesquieu believes a government’s power should be divided into different branches. Rousseau believes governments should be formed through the agreement of free individuals. Beccaria’s ideas about the justice system promote criminal justice. Right click for speaker notes

8. American Revolution American Revolution American colonists use the political ideas of the Enlightenment to protest British rule. British tax and trade laws regulate the colonists’ import and export of goods. Revolutionary leaders use Enlightenment ideas to fuel the revolution  Common Sense, Declaration of Independence, Constitution, etc Right click for speaker notes