1. Festivals are meant to celebrate important events. (P2) mean v. 1) 有 … 意图，打算 mean to do sth 2) 意思是；意味着 mean doing sth 3) 有意义，有价值 ( 和 much, little, a great deal 等连用 ) He means to cause trouble. Missing the bus means waiting for another two days. His work means a lot / everything / nothing to him. be meant for sb. / sth. 打算给某人的, 打算 ( 作什么） Is this picture meant for me? The room was meant for their reading room. meaning n. 意思 meaningful adj. 有意义的

2. 1) Passing the entrance examination means ____________________. ( 通过了高考意味着被大学录取 ) 2) These books ______________________. ( 这些书是给你的，我的意思是让你要这些书 ) 3) I don’t mean __________________. ( 我不打算跟你吵架 ) celebrate v. 庆祝；赞颂 We celebrated Christmas with a tree and presents. The names of many heroes are celebrated by the poets. celebration n. 庆祝 [U] ；庆祝活动 [C] The party was in celebration of Mother’s birthday. 为庆祝 … being admitted to college were meant for you to argue with you

3. Discuss when they take place, what they celebrate… (P2, 6) take place 发生，举行，常指事先安排、计划的事情 When will their wedding take place? happen 发生，指无计划、偶然发生的事；碰巧 If anything happens to him, please let me know. I happened to know him. break out 灾难、疾病、战争等突然爆发 A fire broke out last night. The World War __________ in 1914. The football match will __________ tomorrow. A terrible traffic accident _________ last night. broke out take place happened

4. At that time people would starve if food was difficult… (P2) starve v. 挨饿，饿死；使挨饿 Millions of people starved to death during the war. She is starving herself trying to lose weight. What time’s dinner? I’m starving. [ 口语 ] 饿得要死 starve for 渴望得到 The motherless children were starving for love. starvation n. 挨饿，饥饿，饿死

5. Some festivals are held to honor the dead or to satisfy the ancestors, who might return … to do harm. (P3) honor v. 使感到荣幸；对 … 表示敬意，纪念 They gave a state banquet to honor his visit to China. I’m honored to be here with you. n. have the honor of (doing) sth. 有幸 ( 做 …) May I have the honor of the next dance ? He is an honor to his family. in honor of sb. / sth. = in one’s honor 为纪念 … ，为祝贺 … ，为向 … 表示敬意

6. satisfy v. 使感到满意；满足 ( 需要等 ) ，符合 ( 条件等 ) Nothing satisfies him – he’s always complaining. Do you satisfy the entry requirements for that college? I was not satisfied with the result. He was satisfied to win the race. satisfactory / satisfying adj. 令人满意的 satisfaction n. 满意 [U] ；让人满意或高兴的事 [C] I had a feeling of satisfaction when the work was finished. Your visit will be a great satisfaction to your friends. to one’s satisfaction = to the satisfaction of sb. 使某人感到满意的是

7. People should … light incense in memory of their ancestors. in memory of 纪念 = in honor of = to the memory of He founded the charity in memory of his late wife. from memory 凭记忆 The student was asked to recite a poem from memory. memorize v. 记住，记忆 I want to memorize this poem. … when they dress up and … (P4) dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰；修饰 Mary dressed up in Elizabethan costume for the annual Fancy-Dress Ball. He dressed up as Father Christmas.

8. … this will lead the ancestors back to earth. (P3) lead (led, led) v. 引导，带领 lead sb. + 介词 + 名词 She led the visitors around the building. Our leader led us through the forest. lead to 通向；导致，造成，引起 Hard work leads to success, while laziness leads to failure. lead sb. to do sth. 使 … 做 … What led him to run away. We lead (=live) a very quiet life.

9. … because their food is gathered for the winter. (P6) gather v. 聚集，采摘，收集，普通用语 A crowd gathered to see what had happened. The author is gathering materials for his next book. collect v. 收集，收藏，收取，为某一目的而收集。 My hobby is collecting coins. Some people might win awards for their farm produce. (P5) award n. 奖品，奖金，奖给的东西 The Olympic winner received a gold medal as an award. award v. 发给，给予 ( 奖品等 )award sb sth/ sth to sb They awarded John the first prize/ the first prize to John.

10. … and he thought she would keep her word. (P12) keep one’s word = keep one’s promise 守信用，履行诺言 break one’s word 不遵守诺言，失信 He always ( 信守诺言 ); he is ( 说话算话的人 ). keeps his word a man of his word have a word / a few words with sb. 和 … 说句 / 几句话 have words (with sb.) 与 … 争吵，吵架 in a word 总之，总而言之 in other words 换句话说，那就是说 word for word 逐字逐句地；一字不差地

11. He was not going to hold his breath for her to apologize. (P13) hold one’s breath 屏住呼吸 The race was so close that everyone was holding his breath at the finish. lose one’s breath 喘不过气来 If you run very fast, you may lose your breath. out of breath 气喘吁吁，上气不接下气 The 1000-meter run left Bill out of breath. breath-taking adj. 令人吃惊的 The scene was breath-taking.

12. He would drown his sadness in coffee. (P13) drown … in 淹没，浸泡在 … 里，埋头于 … ，专心于 … He drowned his sorrows in drink. His voice was drowned in the noise of the train. The temperature is 32 degrees below freezing. freeze (froze, frozen, freezing) vt. & vi. ( 使 ) 结冰， ( 使 ) 冷 冻，冻结 freezing n & adj.& adv. 冰点, 极冷的；冷淡的，冷冰冰的 freezing cold She give me a freezing look. frozen adj. 冷藏的，冻硬的 frozen food