1. 1 Chapter 2 Asbestos-Containing Materials 2014 Asbestos NESHAP Inspection and Safety Procedures Course

2. 2 Topics Brief discussion of historical asbestos use What is asbestos?

3. 3 History of Asbestos Use Asbestos has been used for thousands of years Principal use was in woven materials until the 1800s 1850s – First commercial production 1870s – Large deposits discovered in Canada 1940s – 1970s – Greatest use in U.S.

4. 4 History of Asbestos Use (Cont.) More than 3,000 products have contained asbestos Asbestos products are still legally used Major ongoing challenges in managing asbestos Naturally occurring sources Naturally occurring sources Workplace Workplace

5. 5 Geological Information What is asbestos? A naturally occurring fibrous mineral A naturally occurring fibrous mineral 6 varieties of asbestos currently regulated due to their presence in COMMERCIAL products. 6 varieties of asbestos currently regulated due to their presence in COMMERCIAL products. Hundreds of minerals with an asbestos ‘habit’ are found in US rock and soils Other varieties of asbestos that are contaminants of mineral products include winchite, richterite, edenite, and erionite.

6. 6 Varieties of Asbestos ASBESTOS Serpentine GroupAmphibole Group Serpentine (Chrysotile) Cummingtonite-Grunerite (Amosite) Riebeckite (Crocidolite) Anthophyllite Actinolite-Tremolite

7. 7 Commonly Used Asbestos Products Most commonly used ACM products in the US currently: Roofing materials (mainly flashing & cements) Roofing materials (mainly flashing & cements) Gaskets Gaskets Friction products Friction products

8. 8 Other marketed asbestos products Asbestos-cement products Asbestos clothing Pipeline wrap (typically asphaltic) Flooring materials Caulks/putties/mastics (glues) On rare occasions banned materials like pipe insulation are imported and installed

9. 9 ASBESTOS OR

10. 10 Where is Asbestos Found? Naturally occurring fibrous mineral Mined from the ground like coal or iron ore Was once mined all over the world, including the U.S., Australia, Canada, China, South Africa, and the former USSR No longer mined in the US Still mined in Russia, China, Brazil and a number African countries

11. 11 Use of Asbestos Civilizations have found many uses for asbestos since early history Manufacturing of asbestos containing products still occurs in many parts of the world Ancient oil lamp

12. 12 Asbestos Mine – Canada Asbestos Milling Plant

13. 13 Demolition & Renovation Regulation of asbestos began in the early 1970s

14. 14 Manual Renovation & Demolition

15. 15 Chrysotile - most common - white Amosite - less common - brown Crocidolite - rare - blue Others - Tremolite, Actinolite, Anthophyllite are sometimes found as contaminants with other minerals such as talc and vermiculite are sometimes found as contaminants with other minerals such as talc and vermiculite Chrysotile - most common - white Amosite - less common - brown Crocidolite - rare - blue Others - Tremolite, Actinolite, Anthophyllite are sometimes found as contaminants with other minerals such as talc and vermiculite are sometimes found as contaminants with other minerals such as talc and vermiculite Asbestos Types

16. 16 Chrysotile Asbestos White Asbestos

17. 17 Amosite Fibers Brown Asbestos Can you see the long, thin fibers of Amosite in this micrograph?

18. 18 Crocidolite Fibers Blue Asbestos

19. 19 Vermiculite – Libby, Montana Source: U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 8, Denver, Colorado. Tremolite Fibers Winchite/Richterite

20. 20 Asbestos Material Categories Asbestos Containing Material (ACM) >1% Surfacing Materials (SM) such as fireproofing or decorative textured ceilings Thermal System Insulation (TSI) such as pipe and boiler insulation Miscellaneous (Misc.)

21. 21 Misc Asbestos Materials Floor tile and mastics Ceiling tiles Roofing materials like shingles and tar Wallboard joint compound Gaskets and valve packing materials Cement asbestos products including Transite

22. 22 Friable ACM Material that, when dry, may be crumbled, pulverized or reduced to powder by hand pressure Includes damaged non-friable material or non-friable material that is not kept substantially intact (OSHA) Includes damaged non-friable material or non-friable material that is not kept substantially intact (OSHA)

23. 23 Friable ACM Non-intact

24. 24 But when damaged like you see in the picture it can be very friable and release asbestos. Floor tile is considered non- friable.

25. 25 Asbestos is a concern when it becomes airborne. It gets into the air when ACM or ACM debris is disturbed. It may then be breathed or swallowed. Fibers do not just “jump off” materials that contain asbestos.

26. 26 Surfacing material (SM) Material that is spray or trowel applied, generally to ceilings and structural steel Material that is spray or trowel applied, generally to ceilings and structural steel

27. 27

28. 28 Surfacing material (fireproofing) Friable

29. 29 Soundproofing on a gym ceiling

30. 30 Significant damage on a high school gym ceiling

31. 31 ACM Acoustical Textured Ceiling; Good Condition

32. 32 Modern non-ACM Fireproofing Looks much like ACM Looks can be deceiving!

33. 33 Thermal System Insulation (TSI) Insulation materials on systems such as: boilers/steam delivery boilers/steam delivery chilled water chilled water condensate returns condensate returns ductwork ductwork

34. 34 Undamaged TSI If undamaged.. EPA and OSHA allow it to be managed in place

35. 35 Badly damaged TSI

36. 36 “Air Cell” Insulation – This is NOT cardboard

37. 37 TSI in abandoned structure

38. 38

39. 39 Miscellaneous Materials A broad spectrum of ACM’s that do not fall into the categories of Surfacing Materials or Thermal System Insulation

40. 40 Resilient Floor Coverings (RFC) Floor Tiles, Linoleums, and Associated Mastics

41. 41 Wallboard Joint Compound

42. 42 USEPA - DENVER

43. 43 Asbestos Cement Board The most commonly produced ACM worldwide today

44. 44 Exterior asbestos panels

45. 45 Asbestos cement pipe in good condition. Non-friable. Also a very commonly produced ACM worldwide.

46. 46 Damaged asbestos cement pipe is considered friable!

47. 47 Some ceiling tiles do contain asbestos, but they are not common.

48. 48 Roofing Materials Roofing materials (flashing, cements, felts, and coatings) may STILL contain asbestos materials in new construction

49. 49 Questions?