1. Asbestos Awareness Training City of Phoenix - Human Resources Safety Section

2. Regulatory Information
Federal Regulations
OSHA - Employee Safety
General Industry (29 CFR )
Shipyards (29 CFR )
Construction Industry (29 CFR )
EPA
TCSA/AHERA
Asbestos Containing Materials in Schools
ASHARA (1990)
NESHAPS (40 CFR 61, Subpart M)
DOT
Transportation

3. What is Asbestos? Naturally occurring mineral
                              
What is Asbestos?
Naturally occurring mineral
Found throughout the world
It is mined much the same way as other minerals
Resistant to heat and corrosive chemicals
Whitish fibrous material which can release fibers that range in texture from coarse to silky.

4. Where is Asbestos Produced?
Russia
Canada
South Africa
Limited in the USA

5. Who Uses Asbestos Now? European and Asian Countries United States
No current ban
Ban on visible emissions
Phased out for the most part
Regulatory implications limit use

6. Asbestos Bans 1973 – Spraying of ACM 1975 – Pipe coverings
1977 – Patching compounds & artificial fireplace logs
1978 – Sprayed-on asbestos decorations
1979 – Asbestos-containing hairdryers
Home construction use was banned in three stages over 7 years beginning in 1990

7. Types of Asbestos Minerals are divided into two groups
Serpentine – layered structure
Amphibole – chain-like structure

8. Types of Asbestos Serpentine Group (one type):
Chrysotile – White Asbestos (most common)
Amphibole Group (five types):
Amosite – Brown Asbestos
Crocidolite – Blue Asbestos
Rare Types:
Anthophyllite
Tremolite
Actinolite

9. Properties of Asbestos
Fire Resistant
High Tensile Strength
Good Thermal Qualities
Electrical Insulator
Acoustical Properties

10. Asbestos Fibrous Structure
Very Small – may be up to 700 times smaller than a human hair
Invisible
Long/Fibrous
Sharp
Very Light – may stay suspended in air for up to several days
Polarized Light Microscopy (PLM)
Phase Contrast Microscopy (PCM)
Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM)

11. Uses of Asbestos Used in hundreds of products
Referred to as asbestos-containing material (ACM)
Fire resistant
Common Uses:
Sprayed-on Fireproofing
Mixed with Concrete/Vermiculite/Binder Products
Acoustical Insulator
Asphalt, Floor Tile, Joint Compounds, Adhesives
Thermal Insulator

12. Common Uses of Asbestos
Over 3,000 products
Pipe Insulation
Boiler Breeching/Boiler Lagging
Boiler Doors/Gaskets
Fire Proofing
Acoustical
Ceiling Tile
Brake Pads & Linings

13. Common Uses of Asbestos
Floor Tile
Mastics/Adhesives/Glues
Roofing
Electrical Insulation
Putties, caulks, and cements
Joint Compound
Siding (transite)
Hairdryers (banned in 1979)
Cigarette filters (Kent)

14. Friable vs. Non-Friable
ACM (Greater than 1%):
Friable
Crumbled/Reduced to Powder by hand pressure
Sanded, Grounded
Ability to become airborne
Non-Friable
Hard, rock-like
Fibers bound to matrix

15. Categories of ACBM or Presumed Asbestos Containing Materials (PACM)
Surfacing Material
Sprayed-on or troweled-on

16. Categories of ACBM/PACM
Thermal System Insulation (TSI)
Inhibit heat transfer

17. TSI
Includes mudded pipe elbows and joints and various types of pipe wraps

18. Categories of ACBM/PACM
Miscellaneous
Any other material usually non-friable

19. Health Effects Associated with Asbestos Exposure
Extensively studied for many years
Inhalation of fibers may lead to increased risk of disease
Difficult to destroy asbestos fibers
The body cannot break them down or remove them once they are lodged in the lung or body tissues
They remain in place where they can cause disease
The amount of time between exposure to asbestos and the first signs of disease can be as much as 40 years.

20. Health Effects Associated with Asbestos Exposure
Majority of people who died were workers frequently exposed to high concentrations of asbestos fibers with no protection

21. The Respiratory System
Parts of the Airway
Alveoli
Diaphragm

22. Parts of the Airway
Alveoli Sacs
Waste
Gases

23. Health Effects
Three primary diseases associated with asbestos exposure:
Asbestosis
Lung Cancer
Mesothelioma
Other Diseases

24. Asbestosis A serious, chronic, non-cancerous respiratory disease
Asbestos fibers aggravate lung tissues, which causes them to scar
Symptoms include shortness of breath and a dry crackling sound in the lungs when inhaling
In advanced stages, may cause cardiac failure
No effective treatment

25. Lung Cancer
Causes the largest number of deaths related to asbestos exposure
Common symptoms are coughing and a change in breathing, shortness of breath, persistent chest pains, hoarseness, and anemia
Greater risk for smokers

26. Mesothelioma Rare form of cancer
About 200 cases diagnosed a year in the U.S.
Occurs in the thin membrane lining of the lungs, chest, and abdomen

27. Other Diseases
Evidence suggests that cancers in the esophagus, larynx, oral cavity, stomach, colon and kidney may be caused by ingesting asbestos
Cancer of pancreas, pleural plaques, pleural thickening, pleural effusion

28. Determining Factors The amount and duration of exposure
Whether or not you smoke
Age

29. Amount & Duration of Exposure
The more you are exposed, the greater chance that more fibers will enter your body and the more likely you are to develop asbestos related problems
While there is no “safe level” of asbestos exposure, people who are exposed more frequently over a long period of time are more at risk

30. Whether or Not You Smoke
If you smoke and have been exposed to asbestos, you are far more likely to develop cancer than someone who does not smoke and who has not been exposed to asbestos
If you work with asbestos or have been exposed to it, the first thing you should do to reduce your chances of developing cancer is to stop smoking

31. Synergistic Relationship between Asbestos & Smoking
Asbestos workers who smoke are about 90 times more likely to develop lung cancer than people who neither smoke nor have been exposed to asbestos

32. Age
Cases of mesothelioma have occurred in the children of asbestos workers whose only exposures were from the dust brought home on the clothing of family members who worked with asbestos
The younger people are when they inhale asbestos, the more likely they are to develop mesothelioma

33. Steve McQueen – Hollywood Actor
Film Star
Great Escape
The Sand Pebbles
Bullitt
Thomas Crown Affair
Worked in Shipyard Industry
Auto Racer and Mechanic
Died in November 1980
Was diagnosed with a form of lung cancer, mesothelioma, which is related to asbestos exposure Steve McQueen wore an asbestos-insulated racers suit in his race cars, and possibly was exposed to the harmful insulation material during his stint in the Marines.

34. Asbestos Regulations OSHA – 29 CFR EPA – AHERA (Inspections)
General Industry ( )
Shipyards ( )
Construction Industry ( )
EPA – AHERA (Inspections)
EPA – NESHAPS (Waste Disposal)
DOT - Transportation

35. OSHA – Worker Protection
OSHA has four classes of asbestos work:
Class I – Involves removal of TSI and Surfacing ACM/PACM
Class II – Removal of all ACM other than TSI and Surfacing Material
Class III – Repair and Maintenance operations that results in the disturbance of any ACM
Class IV – Maintenance and Custodial activities resulting in the cleanup of ACM and PACM debris

36. OSHA – Worker Protection
Class I & II – Large Scale Asbestos Abatement:
40 Hours of Training Required
No City of Phoenix Employees performing abatement
Asbestos Abatement for COP performed by Contractors
Class III - Maintenance and Repair Activities:
16 Hours of Training Required
Includes Respiratory Protection
Training Provided by Outside Consultant
Class IV – Housekeeping Activities:
Responsible for Cleaning PACM Dust
2 Hours of Awareness Training Required

37. Potential Locations of ACM
To determine whether an asbestos inspection has been conducted for your building:
Review the asbestos inspection reports that identifies the location of ACM prior to start of project
In the event no report is available, contact your supervisor to determine whether samples have been collected

38. Potential Locations of ACM
Only EPA-AHERA Certified Building Inspectors are allowed to collect samples of PACM.
Please contact the Human Resources Department – Safety Section or Public Works – Environmental Services (PWES) in the event bulk samples of suspect materials are needed for testing.

39. ACM Found in Buildings Surfacing Materials Sprayed-on: Troweled-on:
Popcorn ceilings
Fireproofing
Troweled-on:
Ceiling texture
Wall texture

40. ACM Found in Buildings Thermal System Insulation:
Hot/Cold Water Supply
Chilled Water Supply
Steam Supply & Return
Roof Drains
Chemical/Waste Transport Pipelines

41. ACM Found in Buildings Types of TSI: Corrugated cardboard type wrap
White chalky pipe wrap
Fibrous glass insulation covering pipe wrap
Cementious mud around pipe fittings
Hard canvas wrapped insulation
Block Insulation
Batt Insulation on Boilers/Breeching
Batt Insulation on inside ducts
Rope around pipe sleeves in ceilings/floors

42. ACM Found in Buildings Miscellaneous Materials: Vinyl Floor Tile
Floor Tile Mastic/Adhesive
Roofing Felts
Roofing Putty
Ceiling Tiles
Ceiling Tile Glue (“Hockey Pucks”)
Transite (Sheeting/Shingles/Piping)

44. Vermiculite

45. Work Practices and Procedures
For Class IV Workers:
Ask Supervisor whether the area has been tested for asbestos if suspect materials are present.
Identify PACM that will be impacted by your repair/maintenance activity.
Copy and complete Notification Form for PACM and provide copy to supervisor.
Contact HR Safety or PWES for asbestos sampling.

46. Work Practices and Procedures
If you are assigned to clean up PACM dust in an area (Class IV work) do the following:
Use Vacuum Equipped with HEPA Filters
Use Wet Methods for during clean-up, where feasible
PACM Dust should be disposed in Leak-Tight Containers (sealed 6-mil poly bags; container with lid, drums, etc.)

47. Work Practices and Procedures
The following Work Practices are PROHIBITED:
Use of Compressed Air to Remove ACM or PACM Dust
Dry Sweeping, Shoveling or other Dry Cleanup of PACM Dust and Debris
Sanding/Grinding/Cutting of Floor Tile and/or Wall Texture containing ACM

48. How to Avoid Asbestos Exposure
Be aware of the locations where it is likely to be found
If you are not sure if it is asbestos, assume that it is until it is verified otherwise
Do not disturb asbestos
Report damaged asbestos immediately to your supervisor

49. How to Avoid Asbestos Exposure
NEVER: Drill Hammer
Cut Saw
Break Damage
Move Disturb
Any asbestos-containing materials or suspected materials

50. Housekeeping Never sand or dry buff asbestos containing floor tiles
Low abrasion pads should be used at speeds below 300 rpm
Do not remove broken or damaged floor tiles or ceiling tiles which may contain asbestos
Report all damaged asbestos immediately

51. What are the Solutions?
Encapsulation
Enclosure
Removal

52. Encapsulation
Sealing or encapsulating involves coating materials so that the asbestos is sealed in.
Only effective for undamaged asbestos-containing substances.

53. Enclosure
If materials are soft or crumbly or otherwise damaged, sealing is not appropriate.
Enclosing involves placing something over or around the material that contains asbestos to prevent release of fibers.

54. Removal
An expensive and hazardous process that should be a last resort
Removal may be required when remodeling, making major structural changes or if the asbestos material is damaged and can not be otherwise repaired
Removal can only be done by licensed individuals who have received special training
Improper removal may increase the health risks to those exposed

55. What approach should be taken?
Asbestos material in buildings should be appropriately managed
Workers who may disturb ACM should be properly trained and protected

56. EPA’s Five Major Facts
FACT ONE: Although asbestos is hazardous, human risk of asbestos disease depends upon exposure
FACT TWO: Prevailing asbestos levels in buildings – the levels you and I face as building occupants – seems to be very low, based upon available data. Accordingly, the health risk we face as building occupants also appears to be very low

57. EPA’s Five Major Facts
FACT THREE: Removal is often not a building owner’s best course of action to reduce asbestos exposure. In fact, an improper removal can create a dangerous situation where none previously existed
FACT FOUR: EPA only requires asbestos removal in order to prevent significant public exposure to asbestos, such as during building renovation or demolition

58. EPA’s Five Major Facts
FACT FIVE: EPA does recommend in-place management whenever asbestos is discovered. Instead of removal, a conscientious in-place management program will usually control fiber releases, particularly when the materials are not significantly damaged and are not likely to be disturbed

59. Summary Know where asbestos materials are located in your facility.
Do not disturb ACM or PACM.
If you notice damage, report it ASAP.
Protect yourself and other building occupants.
Notify contractors of the presence of asbestos.

60. Questions
Quiz
Complete Evaluation Forms