1. What is Manufacturing? Technology Systems Avon High School

2. Answers??? What do you think Manufacturing is???

3. Definition of Manufacturing Textbook: The activity that changes materials to make them more useful. Dictionary.com: To make or process (a raw material) into a finished product, especially by means of a large-scale industrial operation. This course: The production of a product by means of processes to a material that will alter and improve the base material.

4. Importance of Manufacturing?? It provides many things: Information: ◦Newspaper ◦Computer Work Strength of United States ◦Changing, evolving…

5. Definitions… Technology- the knowledge or pursuing efficient action.. ◦Application to Manufacturing??? VS.

6. More Definitions…. Industry – The broad area of creating a specific product or service. EX: Automobile Industry, Welding Industry Company: A single business unit. EX: General Motors, Conseco, Wal-Mart Keep in mind: General motors is a company in the automobile industry, but it is NOT the automobile industry!!

7. Why study manufacturing? Knowledge. Skills. Explore possible careers. If you plan on being a worker, voter, consumer, and citizen, you need to understand the world around you.

8. The Manufacturing System System: Anything made up of parts or groups organized for a purpose. Every system has four common parts: ◦Inputs – What goes into the system. ◦Processes – What is done to the input. ◦Outputs – What comes out as a result of inputs and processes. ◦Goals – The purposes of the system.

9. Goals InputsProcessOutput Goals

10. Manufacturing Inputs Natural Resources Human Resources Capital Knowledge Finances Time Energy

11. Manufacturing Processes Material Processing Technology- changes the form of materials to make them more valuable. Management Technology-guiding and directing company activities to get efficient operation.

12. Manufacturing Outputs Usable Product; 3 categories ◦Consumer Product – A product that is ready to use. ◦Industrial Products- A product that is either used by industry or needs further processing before becoming a useful product. ◦Military products – A product used for war. Scraps – left over pieces or by products.

13. Goals Profit Improve life for employees Grow and prevail into the future

14. Types of Manufacturing Custom – used to make small numbers of products. Mass – Produces quantities of products at a steady rate.

15. Custom Manufacturing Facility vs. Mass Production

16. Three States of Matter Materials Solid Liquid Gas

17. Four Basic Types of Materials Metals Polymers Ceramics Composites

18. Metals Metals have shaped human kind, hence major ages are named after them. ◦Bronze Age ◦Iron Age Pure Metals are natural elements, which are mined. Pure Metals are on the Periodic Table of Elements. Problem with pure metals = Too soft

19. Aluminum Iron Zinc Copper

20. Alloys Since pure metals are soft combine metals to create an ALLOY Alloy – A combination of two or more pure metals. usually stronger, harder, and resist corrosion better than pure metals. Common Alloys ◦Steel = Iron and Carbon ◦Brass = Copper and Zinc ◦Bronze = Copper and Tin

21. Iron Based Alloys Industrial Revolution based upon them. Historical Implications Advantages of Iron Based Alloys: ◦Inexpensive ◦Strong ◦Easily Worked

22. Cast Iron Cast Iron = Iron - Carbon Alloy with more than 2 percent Carbon. Used to produce complex, heavy shapes. Examples????

23. Steel Steel = Iron-Carbon alloy with less than two percent carbon. Three Categories: ◦Mild Steel: Least strong, low carbon, general purpose, easily altered. Not fragile. ◦Medium-Carbon Steel: Stronger than Mild Steel, medium carbon, easy to machine, not easy to bend. ◦High-Carbon Steel: Heat treating will harden this steel, not easily altered. Very fragile, very hard.

24. Plastics The scientific name for Plastics is Polymers Polymers are both natural and synthetic (man made) Polymers are formed out of more base molecules. Similar to metals, often times two or more molecules are combined to make plastics, this is called polymerization.

25. Two types of plastic Thermoplastics: Will bend. Thermosets: Take on a permanent shape when heat and pressure are applied, therefore they cannot be bent.

26. Ceramics Broad area of materials that are: ◦Inorganic ◦Can be either nonmetallic or metallic ◦High melting points ◦Very stiff, brittle and rigid Examples: ◦Serving Plates ◦Glass ◦Sand Paper

27. Composites Composites: Two or more materials bonded together by adhesion. Two parts of a Composite: ◦Filler: the bulk of the composite ◦Matrix: the agent that holds the filler together. Two types of Composite: ◦Natural – Wood ◦Manufactured - Synthetic

28. Natural Composites Wood: ◦Filler: Bunch of Straws (Cellulose) ◦Matrix (glue): Lignin Two groups of wood: ◦Hardwood: Trees loose their leaves in the winter. ◦Softwood: Cone bearing, do not loose their leaves. A Hardwood tree is not necessarily hard!!!

29. Manufactured Composites Non-natural mixture of base materials together with a Matrix Thousands exist. Examples: ◦Adobe ◦Fiberglass ◦Concrete ◦Plywood