1. Phylum Chordata

2. Invertebrate and Vertebrate Evolutionary Trends
Radial Symmetry
Coelom
Pseudocoelom
Protostome
Development
Three Germ Layers; Bilateral Symmetry
Tissues
Multicellularity
Chordates
Echinoderms
Arthropods
Annelids
Mollusks
Roundworms
Flatworms
Cnidarians
Single-celled ancestor
Deuterostome Development
Sponges

3. Vertebrates: Phylum Chordata
Lungs
4 legs
Amniotic
Egg (shell)
Scales
Endothermy
Invert
Common
Ancestor

4. Evolutionary Trends in Phylum Chordata
Body Plan
Body Temperature
Digestive System
Respiratory System
Circulatory System
Brain

5. Body Plan Dorsal, hollow nerve cord Notocord Pharyngeal Pouches Tail
Nerves branch from this
Notocord
Support rod that runs through the body below the nerve cord
Pharyngeal Pouches
Develop into gills
Tail
Notocord
Hollow Nerve
Cord
Anus
Mouth
Tail
Pharyngeal Pouches

6. Body Temperature Ectotherm Endotherm
Body temp determined by temp of enviornment
Fish, reptiles, amphibians
Endotherm
Generate and retain heat
Birds and mammals

7. Digestive System Have organs that are adapted for feeding habits
Herbivores – long system with helpful bacteria to break down plants
Carnivore – short system with enzymes to break down meat

8. Digestive System Shark Salamander Lizard Pigeon Cow Esophagus Stomach
Intestine
Liver
Gallbladder
Pancreas
Cloaca
Crop
Gizzard
Cecum
Rectum

9. Respiratory Systems Gills Lungs
Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse (external)
Lungs
Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse in the lungs (internal)

10. Respiratory System Salamander Lizard Pigeon Primate
Nostrils, mouth, and throat
Trachea
Lung
Air sac

11. Circulatory System Simple Complex Single loop Gill users Double loop
heart  lung AND heart  body
Lung users

12. Circulatory System Single-Loop Circulatory System
Double-Loop Circulatory System
CROCODILIANS, BIRDS, AND MAMMALS
FISHES
MOST REPTILES

13. Circulatory System Types of Hearts Two Chamber Three Chamber
1 ventricle and 1 atria
Fish
Three Chamber
1 ventricle and 2 atria
Reptiles
Oxygenated and non-oxygenated blood mixes
Four Chamber
2 ventricles and 2 atriums
Birds, mammals, and crocodiles
Most efficient! WHY??

14. Brain
More “brain” as vertebrates become more complex