1. Chapter Nine Consciousness

2. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.9 | 2 Question How many hours of sleep did you have last night? a)Less than 4 hours b)4 - 5.99 hours c)6 - 8 hours d)More than 8 hours

3. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.9 | 3 Answer Polling question: no correct response

4. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.9 | 4 Question Do you know anyone who has ever used a sleep aid to help fall asleep (e.g., Ambien, Lunesta, etc.)? a)Yes b)No

5. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.9 | 5 Answer Polling question: no correct response

6. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.9 | 6 Question You would be groggy and confused if you were awakened in which of the following stages of sleep? a)Stage 1 b)Stage 2 c)Stage 3 d)Stage 4

7. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.9 | 7 Answer Choice d is correct. Stage 4 is the deepest stage of slow- wave sleep (the term used for stages 3 and 4). It is quite difficult to be awakened during Stage 4 sleep. If awakened, a person is likely to be groggy, confused, and “out of it.” (Chapter 9, Stages of Sleep section)

8. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.9 | 8 Question Which of the following is a sleep disorder that involves a person who stops breathing hundreds of times each night? a)Insomnia b)Narcolepsy c)Sleep apnea d)Somnambulism

9. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.9 | 9 Answer Choice c is correct. Sleep apnea is a sleep disorder in which people briefly but repeatedly stop breathing during the night. Sufferers typically feel tired in the morning and tend to show impaired attention and learning ability. (Chapter 9, Sleep Disorders section)

10. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.9 | 10 Question Which of the following brain areas appears to act as the “master switch” or controller of circadian sleep rhythms? a)Suprachiasmatic nuclei b)Cerebellum c)Locus coeruleus d)Superior colliculus

11. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.9 | 11 Answer Choice a is correct. The suprachiasmatic nuclei act as a “master switch” to promote sleep. If damaged, sleep may be nearly impossible. (Chapter 9, Why Do People Sleep? section)

12. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.9 | 12 Question Which of the following is a biological explanation for dreams? a)Freud’s psychodynamic theory b)Watson’s behavioral inhibition theory c)Activation-synthesis theory d)All of the above are biological explanations

13. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.9 | 13 Answer Choice c is correct. Activation-synthesis theory posits that dreams are caused by hindbrain arousal during REM sleep (activation) and cortical processing (synthesis) of these messages from the hindbrain. (Chapter 9, Dreams and Dreaming section)

14. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.9 | 14 Question Do you know anyone who has had an alcoholic drink in the past week? a)Yes b)No

15. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.9 | 15 Answer Polling question: no correct response

16. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.9 | 16 Question Your roommate now drinks six beers per day to get the effect that he used to get drinking two beers per day. Your roommate is showing evidence of ___________. a)withdrawal b)tolerance c)psychological dependence d)none of the above

17. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.9 | 17 Answer Choice b is correct. Tolerance is a condition in which increasingly larger drug doses are required to produce the same effect that used to be produced with smaller drug doses. (Chapter 9, The Varying Effects of Drugs section)

18. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.9 | 18 Question Alcohol is classified as a __________. a)depressant b)stimulant c)opiate d)hallucinogen

19. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.9 | 19 Answer Choice a is correct. Alcohol is a depressant. It reduces or depresses central nervous system activity, partly by increasing activity of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. (Chapter 9, Depressants section)

20. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.9 | 20 Question Which of the following is NOT an example of a stimulant? a)Amphetamines b)Cocaine c)Marijuana d)MDMA (ecstasy)

21. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.9 | 21 Answer Choice c is correct. Marijuana is classified as a hallucinogen. Amphetamines, cocaine, and MDMA are all classified as stimulants. (Chapter 9, Stimulants section)

22. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.9 | 22 Question Do you know anyone who has used any of the following drugs in the past month: amphetamines, cocaine, MDMA? a)Yes b)No

23. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.9 | 23 Answer Polling question: no correct response

24. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.9 | 24 Question Do you know anyone who has used any of the following drugs in the past month: heroin, LSD, ketamine, marijuana? a)Yes b)No

25. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.9 | 25 Answer Polling question: no correct response