1. PSYC4030 6.0DCBT Chapters 1 and 2 Chapter 1: What is Behaviour Therapy?

2. PSYC4030 6.0DCBT Chapters 1 and 2 Four Core Themes  Follows a medical model.  “Treatment can be hard work” 1.Scientific  Precise, detailed  Empirical evaluation 2.Active  Implementation in natural environment  Task oriented  Change agents  Self-control approach

3. PSYC4030 6.0DCBT Chapters 1 and 2 Four Core Themes 3. Present Focused  Present problems, present conditions 4. Learning Focused  Education, exchange of information  Learning plays a large role in all behaviours  Replacing old (maladaptive) information with new information

4. PSYC4030 6.0DCBT Chapters 1 and 2 Therapist-Client Relationship Good relationship is necessary but not sufficientGood relationship is necessary but not sufficient Therapist’s role as facilitator is more criticalTherapist’s role as facilitator is more critical Importance on techniques used for behaviour changeImportance on techniques used for behaviour change

5. PSYC4030 6.0DCBT Chapters 1 and 2 Ethical Issues Occurs in any situation where one person’s behaviour is changed by another person.Occurs in any situation where one person’s behaviour is changed by another person. Not particular to behaviour therapies.Not particular to behaviour therapies.

6. PSYC4030 6.0DCBT Chapters 1 and 2 Ethical Issues 2 Full disclosure and understandingFull disclosure and understanding A.Have the goals of the treatment been adequately considered? B.Has the choice of treatment methods been adequately considered? C.Is the client’s participation voluntary? D.Has the confidentiality of the treatment relationship been protected?

7. PSYC4030 6.0DCBT Chapters 1 and 2 Ethical Issues 3 Treatment effectivenessTreatment effectiveness E. Has the adequacy of treatment been evaluated? F. Is the therapist qualified to provide treatment?

8. PSYC4030 6.0DCBT Chapters 1 and 2 Chapter 2: Antecedants of Contemporary Behaviour Therapy

9. PSYC4030 6.0DCBT Chapters 1 and 2 Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) If a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that reflexively produces a response…If a neutral stimulus is paired with a stimulus that reflexively produces a response… …after repeated pairings, the neutral stimulus is able to illicit the reflex alone.

10. PSYC4030 6.0DCBT Chapters 1 and 2 Classical Conditioning 1.Predictive quality spatial and temporal correlation spatial and temporal correlation 2.Many repetitions, short-term effectiveness 3.Little client effort required No rewards or punishments No rewards or punishments

11. PSYC4030 6.0DCBT Chapters 1 and 2 Operant (Instrumental) Conditioning Edward Thorndike (1974-1949) Law of Effect: Increasing or decreasing probability of behaviour by systematically changing “pleasurability” of consequences.Law of Effect: Increasing or decreasing probability of behaviour by systematically changing “pleasurability” of consequences. Ideas extended by B.F. SkinnerIdeas extended by B.F. Skinner

12. PSYC4030 6.0DCBT Chapters 1 and 2 Operant (Instrumental) Conditioning A behaviour that is reinforced is more likely to occur in the future.A behaviour that is reinforced is more likely to occur in the future. A behaviour that is punished is less likely to occur.A behaviour that is punished is less likely to occur. Reinforcers and punishments can be positive or negative depending on whether a stimulus is added or removed from the environment.Reinforcers and punishments can be positive or negative depending on whether a stimulus is added or removed from the environment.

13. PSYC4030 6.0DCBT Chapters 1 and 2 Operant (Instrumental) Conditioning 1.Reflexes outside the influence of operant conditioning. 2.While probabilities of behaviours occuring can be affected, 100% effectiveness is rare. 3.Effects of operant learning tend to last longer than those of classical conditioning.