1. Animal Adaptations and Interactions
Life Cycles
Adaptations
Food Chains

2. What is an organism? An organism is a living thing.
All plants and animals are organisms.

3. What do we mean by life needs?
The things that all organisms need in their environment to survive are called “life needs”.
air
water
food
shelter
space

4. What is a life cycle?
The series of changes that happen to an organism are called a life cycle.

5. What kinds of life cycles do animals go through?
Some animals go through a simple growth life cycle-
They are born
They grow
They become an adult
Dogs and cats
Humans
Dolphins
Hamsters
Spiders

6. Some animals go through a complete change.
Butterflies and moths
Mealworms
hatch – larva – pupa – adult
Change is also called metamorphosis

7. Life Cycle of the Monarch Butterfly – Complete Change

9. What are adaptations?
Adaptations are the special ways that plants and animals survive in their habitat.
There are two kinds of adaptations-
Physical
Behavioral

10. What are physical adaptations?
A physical adaptation is any body covering or body part that helps an animal survive.
Examples-
Camouflage
Mimicry
Chemicals
Body
Coverings

11. Camouflage
Camouflage is when an animal is the color of its surroundings.

12. Camouflage

13. Mimicry
Mimicry is when an animal looks like another animal to copy its defenses.
The animal mimics, or copies, the coloring of the other animal.

14. More Mimicry
Poisonous Monarch
Non-poisonous Viceroy

15. Chemicals Some animals have special chemicals.
Some chemicals are for protection
Some chemicals are for catching food

16. Chemicals
Poisonous Venom
Poisonous Venom
Strong scents!

17. Body Parts
Some animals have special body parts for protection or getting food.
Claws
Beaks
Armor
Teeth
Body coverings

18. Body Parts

19. Adaptations
Many animals have special adaptations to help them get food.

21. What are behavioral adaptations?
A behavioral adaptation is any behavior that allows an animal to survive. There are two types.
Instinctive behaviors happen naturally and do not need to be learned.
Examples
Spiders spinning webs
Chipmunks hibernating
Birds building nests
Jerboas or frogs estivating
Butterflies or birds migrating

22. Migration
Moving from one place to another to find food and shelter

23. Hibernation
Hibernation- when an animal goes into a deep sleep to survive winter seasonal changes

24. Estivation
Estivation is an adaptation that allows an animal to survive dry seasons. These animals sleep underground for several months when there is not much food to eat.

25. Learned Behaviors
Learned behaviors happen by interacting with the environment. They can only be passed on to the next generation by teaching.
Examples
Finding food for some animals
Raising young for some animals
Reading
Speaking language

26. Adaptation Vocabulary
Physical adaptation- a body part or covering that helps an animal survive
Instincts- behaviors that happen naturally
Hibernation- when an animal goes into a deep sleep to survive winter seasonal changes

27. Adaptation Vocabulary
Estivation – when an animal goes into a deep sleep to survive hot, dry seasons
Mimicry – when an animal copies another animal’s defenses
Migration – moving from one place to another to find food or shelter

28. Adaptation Vocabulary
Camouflage – blending in with the environment to hide from predators or to catch food
Behavioral adaptations – something an animal DOES that allows it to survive

29. What are plant adaptations?
Plant adaptations are special features that allow a plant to live in a particular place, or habitat.
Plants have adaptations to help them survive (live and grow) in different areas.

30. Adapting to the Deciduous Forest
Plants in the deciduous forest have broad, or wide leaves to capture sunlight
Trees have thick bark to protect the tree in cold, winter weather
They lose their leaves in winter so they won’t need as much water

31. Adapting to Water
Plants that live in water may have leaves that float and are waxy
They have flexible stems to survive moving water
Some have seeds that float

32. Adapting to the Rain Forest
Plants in the rain forest may have drip leaves to get rid of extra water.
They may have prop roots to support the plant in shallow soil.

33. Adapting to the Desert
Plants in the desert may have spines instead of leaves
Plants may store water in their stems
They may have light-colored hair to make shade
They may have a waxy coating to reduce water loss

34. What are populations and communities?
A population is all of the organisms of the SAME kind that live in the same environment.
Example-
There is a population of squirrels living in our schoolyard environment.
There is a population of oak trees in our schoolyard environment.

35. Populations
Populations can increase, or get bigger, or decrease, get smaller, depending on the resources available in the environment.

36. Communities
A community is ALL of the organisms, plants and animals, that live in one environment.
Example-
The schoolyard environment is a community that has many populations. There are populations of ants, squirrels, oak trees, grass, etc.

38. What characteristics do we use to describe environments?
We can describe environments by
the amount of light they receive
the amount and type of precipitation
the temperature
the types of organisms that live there
the land (geographic) features
Terrestrial (land)
Aquatic (water)

39. Ecosystems
An ecosystem is relationships among the living resources, habitats, and residents of an area.
It includes the plants, animals, trees micro-orgranisms, fish birds, water, soil and people.

40. Habitats
A place where an animal or plant naturally lives and grows.

41. Conservation Careful use and protection of natural resources
Examples: forests, water, and oil.

42. Environments
Plants and animals can adapt to live in many different types of environments.
Some plants and animals live in land environments. These are called terrestrial habitats.
Some plants and animals live in water environments. These are called aquatic habitats.

43. Pond Community - Aquatic

44. Lake Community - Aquatic

45. Oceans and Seas – Aquatic
The oceans and seas have their own special plants and animals that are adapted to live in a salt-water environment.

46. Estuary Community - Aquatic
Estuary is a special name for the environment where salt and fresh water mix.
A salt marsh near a coast is an estuary.
Another example is when a river flows directly into the ocean.
The Chesapeake Bay is the biggest estuary in the United States!

47. Estuary Community - Aquatic
The Chesapeake Bay is an estuary,
a special kind of aquatic community
where fresh and salt-water mix.
Many kinds of plants and animals
are adapted to live in this type
of community.

48. Grassland Communities - Terrestrial

49. Rainforests are terrestrial environments.

50. Forest Community – Terrestrial

51. Underground and Topsoil Environments

52. Desert Community - Terrestrial

53. What are producers, consumers, and decomposers?
A producer is an organism that makes its own food
Plants
A consumer is an organism that eats food
Animals
A decomposer is an organism that eats the remains of once-living organisms
Mold
Fungi (like mushrooms)
Bacteria (germs)
Worms

54. Producers Producers make their own food using energy from the sun.
Plants are producers.

55. Consumers Consumers have to consume, or eat food.
All animals are consumers.

56. Decomposers in a Food Chain
Decomposers in a food chain eat the remains of once-living organisms and return their nutrients to the soil.

57. What is a food chain?
A food chain is the way energy passes from one organism to another organism in a community.
Energy from the sun allows a plant to make food.

58. Energy from the sun allows the melon plant to make food.

59. The stored energy in the plant passes to the mouse when it eats the plant.

60. When the mouse is eaten by a hawk, the energy is passed to the hawk.

61. When the hawk later dies, decomposers eat the remains of the hawk and put the nutrients back into the soil .

62. Herbivores
Herbivores are consumers that only eat plants.

63. Carnivores
Carnivores are consumers that only eat animals.

64. Omnivores
Omnivores are consumers that eat plants and animals.

65. What are predators?
Consumers that kill and eat other animals are called predators.

66. What are prey?
Animals that are eaten by other animals are called prey.

67. Consumers in a Food Chain
Animals that catch and eat other animals are predators.
The animal that is captured for food is called the prey.

68. Interdependence How are plants and animals dependent upon each other?
Plants and animals must get the things they need to survive from their environment.
Living things share these environments.

69. Interdependence between plants and animals.
Bees and hummingbirds depend upon flowers for nectar.
Flowers depend upon bees and hummingbirds to carry pollen from one flower to another.
This is an example of interdependence.

70. What are extinct organisms?
Organisms that are no longer found on earth are extinct.

71. What are endangered species?
Endangered species are plants or animals that are in danger of becoming extinct.
There are so few of them left that laws are in place to protect them.