1. Yena Kyung Food science & Technology Lab of Bioresources and Food chemistry 7 Nanotechnologies for Improving Food Quality, Safety, And Security

2. Contents 2. Agricultural production 1. Introductions 3. Food processing 4. Packing and distribution 5. Conclusion

3. Introduction ●Subdomains ccc Agricultural Production Food processing Packaging & Distribution

4. Agricultural production ●Global agricultural trends ▶ Global agriculture today faces several issues - maximizing land use in different environments - sustainable use of resources (fresh water and foods etc.) - adverse impact on the environment(fetilizers and pesticides) ▶ Indication of the opportunities for agriculture to expand into new areas - “Precision farming”

5. Agricultural production ● Precision farming ▶ Effectively support the farmer by providing data - a number of different environmental, crop and pest variables ▶ Sensors and diagnostic devices allow farmers to closely monitor environmental conditions, plant and animal health, and growth - physiological status of crops - physiological status of livestock - presence and identification of pests of pathogens - environmental variables

6. Agricultural production ● The composition of “precision farming” ▶ Global Pisitioning System(GPS) ▶ Geographic information systems(GIS) ▶ Networks of sensors ▶ Actuators

7. Agricultural production ● Sensors of agricultural production Technology Principal agents detected Maturity Unimolecular sensors - Pesticides - Gases Basic and applied Bioarrays - Different chemical species and microbes Some mature Solid-state sensors GasesEarly stage Optical and spectrographic sensors - Plant growth - Presence of various chemical species Some mature Sensor networks - Potentially all desired variables -Microsystem : mature - Nanotechnology : research leves

8. Agricultural production ● Unimolecular sensors ▶ Attached to an electrode of encapsulated in some form of matrix or ether capsule - include liposome, self-assembled monolayers, carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles - detect Acetylchlolinesterase(AChE) ▶ Better sensitivity and minimum legal safe limits ▶ No field trials : research(basic) levels

9. Agricultural production ● Bioarrays ▶ Link several different biomolecules to a substrate in such a way ▶ Tend to concentrate on proteins such as antibodies and enzymes or DNA ▶ mature technologies ▶ greater sensitivity, further miniaturization, variable measure, less sample ▶ detecting presence of pathogens, measuring the levels of toxin or nutrient in soils and monitoring the quality of processed food

10. Agricultural production ● Solid-state sensors ▶ have at their core a conduction or semiconducting material ▶ include oxides of tin, indium, aluminum, zinc etc. ▶ primarily used to detect gases (nigrogen oxide, carbon monoxide etc.) ▶ largely used for the monitoring of environmental pollution or status - Levels of the above gases give good indication of the growth status of the plant

11. Agricultural production ● Optical and spectrographic sensor ▶ monitor and analyze plant growth using cameras and sophisticated software ▶ expensive and can only provide trend analysis ▶ monitor overall plant health and imform the farmer ▶ Not yet on a visual level, and the best time to harvest

12. Agricultural production ● Sensor networks ▶ For crops combine the different sensor technologies ▶ distributed over the area to be monitored and provide sufficient real-time data for the farmer ▶ too expensive and relatively bulky

13. Food processing ● Food processing industry ▶ Transforms row matrials form agricultural and fishery industries ▶ Manufactures food stuffs for consumers ▶ In the main, food processing is driven by a number of factors - Increasing output - Decreasing waste ▶ Importance of “Quality control“ - contamination can be identified as quickly as possible - nanotechnology-enabled sensors have the potential to real-time response

14. Food processing ● Real-time detection ▶ Electronic biosensors

15. Food processing ▶ Optical biosensors

16. Packing & distribution ● Food packaging ▶ acts to enclose processed food in a stable environment and protect it from environmental changes - such as moisture, light, oxidation and tenperature or physical damages ▶ Radiofrequency identification(RFID), temperature and gas sensors

17. Packing & distribution ● Silver nanoparticles ▶ Nano particulate silver release ions mor efficiently than bulk metal ▶ bactericidal effect - inhibition of awide variety of biological process within bacteria - low toxicity in humans ▶ some concern over the effects of large amounts of silver ions being discharged into the environment and accumulating in ecosystem

18. Packing & distribution ● Effect of the “Smart packing” ▶ Self- heating : mixing water and calcium oxide ▶ Self- cooling : mixing water and carbon oxide ▶ Gas scavenging or absorbing system - Ageless (Mitsubish Gas Chemical Co.) : contain iron salts and vitamin C and absorbs oxygen

19. Conclusion ● Given a broad overviews of some of the areas of nanotechnology - development for improving food quality, safety and security ● Quickly growing field - indication of industry assosicatins and consortia - key focus areas in thechnology development for the agrifood sector ● However, Nonotechnology will play is not yet clear - mostly nanotechnology remains in the research laboratory ● Unique advantages of the nanotechnology - In the form of sensors, advanced coatings and active packing - Anticipation of a considerable growth of activity in these areas