1. Technical Assessment of Potential Renewable Energy Resources For Oil Palm Mechanization Operation
M. Azwan M. Bakri, Norman Kamaruddin, Abd Rahim Shuib, Norasikin A. Ludin

2. Contents Objective Introduction Issues Benchmark
Possible Transition to RET
Work Progress
Conclusion

3. Objective
To update status on research of green technology application for OP Mechanization
To share knowledge on potential of Battery Powered Electric Vehicle charge via Solar PV for oil palm cultivation process.
As research in progress, data is required to be validated, thus financial aspects is not emphasize for this session.

4. Introduction Contributed more than RM 80 bill in export earning
Industry Contribution
4tn largest contributor to the national economic.
20% of global oil and fats output
14% of area in Malaysia or 2% or global oilseeds area

5. Oil Palm Cultivation Process
Sustainability
Labour issues

6. Field Mechanization Reduce labor dependence cost production Increase
Productivity
Hasten
plantation
activities
Lighten
heavy
jobs

7. Sustainability - GHG Emission
200 mill L / yr
60% land area
58 L/ha/yr to 70 L/ha/yr
GHG Emission =180 kg CO2-eq/ha/yr to 404 kg CO2-eq/ha/yr based on a CPO yield range of 3.2 t/ha/yr to 4 t/ha/yr

8. Target

9. Benchmark – fleet vs ha
> 1000 ha
< 1000 ha

10. Mechanization in not only a machine –
Energy benchmark
Different companies, different policies and no benchmark on energy utilization could be made from commercial data.
Mechanization in not only a machine –
Is a ‘A working system’

11. Energy benchmark - literature
Available Machines
Estimate Fuel Usage
Estimate Fuel Consumption (L / ha)
Estimate Fuel Consumption (L/ yr)
GHG Emission Equivalent (kg CO2-eq)
Motorized cutter
1.2 L per day
0.1
1,080,000
777,600
Small machineries - e.g. Mechanical buffalo, compact transporter, beluga, rhyno, otowey
1 - 4 L per day
0.3
Tractor grabber with 5 tons trailer
2 L per hour
0.9
3,240,000
2,332,800
Prime mover with 30 tons trailer
2 L per ton of CPO 8
288,000,000
207,360,000

12. Transition to RET No Renewable Energy Technology NOTES 1 Biodiesel
Technical and economic viable. Require subsidy – business as usual 2
Bio – CNG from POME
Logistic problem 3
Hydrogen Vehicle
Technology is still expensive 4
Second Generation Biomass / Biofuel (FT Diesel)
Still under R&D 5
Electric vehicle charged via RE sources
Technology is improving and accepted.

13. Bio-CNG / Biomethane From analysis:
A 60 TPH Palm Oil Mill could generate more than 500 m3 hr-1 biomethane and could reduce up to 5000 L diesel monthly.

14. Electric Vehichle Efficiency is more than 40% as compare to ICE 20%.
BPEV
Efficiency is more than 40% as compare to ICE 20%.

15. Electric Vehichle in MPOB Keratong
Off road EV
48 V DC Motor
8 – 6 V 170Ah Batteries
Curtis Controller
km driving range for full charge
Max Load 500kg
Cost - RM 30,000.00

16. EV Testing

17. Load test

18. Load test - Energy

19. Load test - RM

20. Improvement – POWER SPRAYER
6V electric motor pump
200 L water container
Controller and nozzle

21. Improvement – EV Solar Charging Station

22. Case Study – In Europe Diesel requirement 6300 L / yr for 50 ha
For 10KWp PV array that gives 14,000 – 17,000 kwh
Diesel saving 4000 L / yr
3.2 – 3.7 tons CO2/yr

23. Conclusion
Application of renewable energy in OP cultivation process will increase corporate positioning.
Adjustment of working system is required in order to apply for clean energy technology.
EV could perform in light duty and many other benefit could be explored.
Further research is required to reduce range anxiety for BPEV.

24. Future Work Qin Qout Qlost Energy Ratio = Crop Yield (kg ha-1)
ME = ELG
TCa
G = weight of machine (kg),
E = Production energy of machine (MJ kg-1 yr-1)
L = Useful life of machine (yr)
T = Economic life of machine (yr)
Ca = effective field capacity (ha h-1)
Crop Yield
(kg ha-1)
Energy Productivity =
Energy Input
(MJ ha-1)
Qin
Qout
Qlost
Machinery
Fuel Consumption
Human labor
Crop Yields
Energy Output
(MJ ha-1)
Energy Input
(MJ ha-1)
Energy Ratio =
Specific Energy =
Energy Input
(MJ ha-1)
(kg ha-1)
Crop Yield

25. Terima Kasih