1. Social Studies 11 Planet Earth and it’s functions

2. 1. Planet Earth

3. 2. Planet Earth

4. 3. Earth Earth: is the third planet in the solar system in terms of distance from the Sun, and the fifth largest. See pg. 34. There is significant interaction between the earth and its space environment. The moon provides ocean tides.

5. 4. Earth What are tides?? High tide left, low tide right.

6. The Moon’s gravitational force pulls water towards it.

7. 5. Earth’s Plates

9. 6. Earth’s Surface

10. 7. Earthquakes An earthquake is a phenomenon that results from and is powered by the sudden release of stored energy that radiates seismic waves. Earth's surface, earthquakes may manifest themselves by a shaking or displacement of the ground and sometimes tsunamis.

11. 8. Earthquakes Not all earthquakes are the same.

12. 9. Earthquakes Pressure builds up then releases along fault lines and folds. The most famous fault in the U.S. is the San Andreas Fault.

13. 10. Volcanoes A volcano is a geological landform usually generated by the eruption through a vent in a planet's surface of magma, molten rock welling up from the planet's interior.

15. 10. Forces of Change Subduction

16. 11. Forces of Change Spreading

17. 12. Forces of Change Faulting

18. 11. Hydrosphere Hydrosphere: describes the collective mass of water found on, under, and over the surface of a planet. The Earth's hydrosphere consists chiefly of the oceans, but technically includes all water surfaces in the world, including inland seas, lakes, rivers, and underground waters.

20. 12. Lithosphere Lithosphere: is the solid outermost shell of a rocky planet. The lithosphere includes the crust and the uppermost layer of the mantle

22. 13. Atmosphere Atmosphere is the general name for a layer of gases surrounds Earth. The gases are attracted by the gravity of the body, and held fast if gravity is sufficient and the atmosphere's temperature is low.

23. 14. Biosphere Biosphere: the part of the planet's outer shell — including air, land, surface rocks and water — within which life occurs.

24. 15. Erosion Erosion is the displacement of solids (soil, mud, rock and other particles) by wind, water or ice, by downward or down-slope movement in response to gravity or by living organisms.

25. 16. Erosion Water Erosion: The erosion is both downward, deepening the valley, and headward, extending the valley into the hillside. In the earliest stage of stream erosion, the erosive activity is dominantly vertical, the valleys have a typical V cross-section and the stream angle is relatively steep.

26. Water Erosion

27. 17. Erosion Glacial Erosion: is caused by movement of ice, typically as glaciers. Glaciers can scrape down a slope and break up rock and then transport it, leaving moraines, drumlins and glacial erratics behind. There are two main types of glaciers: sheet glaciers and mountain glaciers.

29. Glacial Erosion

32. 18. Erosion Wind erosion: is the movement of rock and sediment by the wind. Windbreaks are often planted by farmers to reduce wind erosion. This includes the planting of trees, shrubs, or other vegetation, usually perpendicular or nearly so to the principal wind direction.

33. Windbreaks in North Dakota

34. Wind Erosion

35. 19. Oceans 4 Major oceans = Pacific, Atlantic, Indian and Arctic 97% of the world’s water is located in oceans. The Pacific is the largest ocean.

37. The Ocean Conveyor

38. 20. Climate and Weather Weather: the condition of the atmosphere in one place during a limited period of time. Climate: the term for the weather patterns that an area typically experiences over a long period of time. Describe the climate around Rushford. What is the weather like today?

39. 21. Climate and Weather The tilt of the earth is what determines the season we are in.

40. 22. Climate and Weather Tropic of Cancer: the northernmost point on the earth to receive the direct rays of the sun. Tropic of Capricorn: the southernmost point on the earth to receive the direct rays of the sun. The north and south poles go months at a time with either constant light or little or no light at all.

41. 23. Climate and Weather The Greenhouse Effect: The atmosphere traps some heat and keeps it from escaping back into space too quickly and then re-heats the earth. This usually is associated with global warming. Recent rises in carbon dioxide levels have occurred with a rise in global temperature that is partly blamed on human activities. What activities?