1. Discovering Our Gifts: Treatment Outcomes and Future Directions Dr. J. Lauren Johnson Psychologist/Researcher At Night Wind Treatment Centres Ruth Cardinal de Ubiera CEO

2. Program Evaluation Are we doing what we say we’re doing? Are we doing what we say we’re doing? Helping our clients heal Helping our clients heal What are our clients healing from, exactly? What are our clients healing from, exactly? How can we improve our treatment program? How can we improve our treatment program?

3. Assessments Used Beck Depression Inventory – Short Form Beck Depression Inventory – Short Form Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale Global Check Set Global Check Set Depression, alcohol/substance abuse, suicidality, anxiety, PTSD, somatization, dissociation Depression, alcohol/substance abuse, suicidality, anxiety, PTSD, somatization, dissociation Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist – General Civilian Version Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist – General Civilian Version Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED) Screen for Child Anxiety Related Disorders (SCARED)

4. Front Sheet

5. Expected Results High levels of High levels of Depression Depression Anxiety Anxiety Low levels of Low levels of Self-esteem Self-esteem

6. Actual Results (What Are Our Clients Healing From?) High levels of High levels of PTSD (M = 41; clinical cut-off = 35) PTSD (M = 41; clinical cut-off = 35) Anxiety (M = 33; clinical cut-off = 25; most frequent sub-type = separation anxiety) Anxiety (M = 33; clinical cut-off = 25; most frequent sub-type = separation anxiety) Low levels of Low levels of Resilience (M = 60; average population M = 80; primary health care outpatients M = 72; PTSD population M = 48) Resilience (M = 60; average population M = 80; primary health care outpatients M = 72; PTSD population M = 48) Depression was borderline clinical Depression was borderline clinical (M = 17; borderline clinical = 17-20; clinical cut-off = 21) (M = 17; borderline clinical = 17-20; clinical cut-off = 21)

7. Question: Are We Doing What We Intend to Do?

8. Question: How Can We Improve Our Treatment Program? Focus more on processing trauma (addressing PTSD) Focus more on processing trauma (addressing PTSD) Consider multiple levels of trauma, including interpersonal, familial, intergenerational, and historical Consider multiple levels of trauma, including interpersonal, familial, intergenerational, and historical Given the age of the clients and the early onset of traumatic experience, as well as potential cognitive deficits, consider using holistic therapies that rely less on verbal/cognitive processing and more on physiological/emotional processing (i.e., self-regulation therapy, expressive arts therapies, etc.) Given the age of the clients and the early onset of traumatic experience, as well as potential cognitive deficits, consider using holistic therapies that rely less on verbal/cognitive processing and more on physiological/emotional processing (i.e., self-regulation therapy, expressive arts therapies, etc.)

9. Question: How Can We Improve Our Treatment Program? Focus more on relationships (addressing separation and social anxiety) Focus more on relationships (addressing separation and social anxiety) Focus more on teaching coping skills and improving self-esteem (improving resilience) Focus more on teaching coping skills and improving self-esteem (improving resilience) Consider healing the whole person using the four quadrants of the medicine wheel Consider healing the whole person using the four quadrants of the medicine wheel

10. Working With Our Gifts The Clients The Clients Western Psychology Western Psychology Ongoing research Ongoing research Tailored therapeutic approaches Tailored therapeutic approaches Traditional Teachings and Practices Traditional Teachings and Practices

11. Thank you! Dr. J. Lauren Johnson jlauren@tfinstitute.com